Spieker Susan, Crittenden Patricia McKinsey
Center on Infant Mental Health & Development University of Washington, Box 357920 Seattle, WA 98195-7920, USA.
Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2010 Jan;15(1):97-120. doi: 10.1177/1359104509345878. Epub 2009 Nov 13.
This study compared two methods for classifying preschool-age children's behavior in the Strange Situation procedure, the MacArthur (MAC) and the Preschool Assessment of Attachment (PAA), to determine whether they operationalized converging or diverging approaches to attachment theory. Strange Situations of 306 randomly selected 3-year-old children and their mothers in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development were classified with the MAC and PAA. The methods showed 50% agreement. A block of seven demographic, child and family predictors was unrelated to MAC classifications, but accounted for 19% of the variance in PAA classifications. The MAC and PAA each had associations with some child outcomes in grades 1-5 (ages 6-10) totaling 5% and 12% of the variance respectively, but some of the MAC associations were counter to the hypothesis. The MAC and PAA were sufficiently different to reflect both different classificatory methods and different theoretical understandings of attachment. Results are discussed in terms of limitations of the sample and measures available to compare the two methods, and clinical implications.
本研究比较了在陌生情境程序中对学龄前儿童行为进行分类的两种方法，即麦克阿瑟（MAC）方法和学龄前依恋评估（PAA）方法，以确定它们对依恋理论的实施是趋同还是不同。在国家儿童健康与人类发展研究所的早期儿童保育与青少年发展研究中，对306名随机抽取的3岁儿童及其母亲的陌生情境用MAC和PAA进行了分类。两种方法的一致性为50%。一组包含七个人口统计学、儿童和家庭预测因素的变量与MAC分类无关，但占PAA分类方差的19%。MAC和PAA分别与1至5年级（6至10岁）儿童的一些结果存在关联，分别占方差的5%和12%，但MAC的一些关联与假设相反。MAC和PAA差异足够大，足以反映不同的分类方法和对依恋的不同理论理解。从样本的局限性以及可用于比较这两种方法的测量方法和临床意义方面对结果进行了讨论。
