Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
J Youth Adolesc. 2010 Nov;39(11):1318-29. doi: 10.1007/s10964-009-9474-0. Epub 2009 Nov 15.
Research on friendship and adjustment has traditionally focused on same-sex, same-grade, and same-school peers. Recent evidence, however, suggests that many adolescents have other-sex and other-school friends that significantly impact their adjustment. The purpose of this study was to examine young adolescents' experiences with mixed-grade friendships (friendships between adolescents in the same school but of different grades), a type of friendship about which little is known. Participants were 179 seventh grade and 178 eighth grade students (55 percent female; M age = 13.2 years, SD = .68) who reported on their same-grade and mixed-grade friendships and loneliness. Peer nominations of same-grade aggression, anxious-withdrawal, victimization and rejection were also collected. Descriptive analyses revealed that 83 percent of students reported having a mixed-grade friend, 36 percent of these friendships being mutual. Adolescents who made mixed-grade nominations and who had mutual mixed-grade friendships reported less loneliness than other adolescents. Results also suggested that mixed-grade friends may protect same-grade friendless girls from feelings of loneliness, and eighth grade same-grade friendless adolescents and anxious-withdrawn boys from victimization. Taken together, findings strongly suggest that mixed-grade friendships are developmentally significant peer relationships during early adolescence.
传统的友谊和适应研究侧重于同性、同年级和同校的同龄人。然而，最近的证据表明，许多青少年有其他性别和其他学校的朋友，这对他们的适应有很大的影响。本研究的目的是探讨青少年混合年级友谊（同一所学校不同年级的青少年之间的友谊）的经历，这是一种知之甚少的友谊类型。参与者是 179 名七年级和 178 名八年级学生（55%为女性；M 年龄=13.2 岁，SD=.68），他们报告了同年级和混合年级的友谊以及孤独感。还收集了同伴提名的同年级攻击、焦虑回避、受害和拒绝。描述性分析显示，83%的学生报告有一个混合年级的朋友，其中 36%的友谊是相互的。进行混合年级提名和有相互混合年级友谊的青少年比其他青少年报告的孤独感较少。研究结果还表明，混合年级的朋友可能会保护同年级没有朋友的女孩免受孤独感的影响，也可能会保护八年级没有朋友的青少年和焦虑回避的男孩免受受害。综上所述，研究结果强烈表明，混合年级的友谊是青少年早期具有重要发展意义的同伴关系。
