Entomological Services, 4729 NW 18th Pl, Gainesville, FL 32605-3425, USA.
Malar J. 2009 Nov 16;8 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S2. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-8-S2-S2.
Research on sterile mosquito technology from 1955 to the 1980s provided a substantial body of knowledge on propagation and release of sterile mosquitoes. Radiation sterilisation and chemosterilisation have been used effectively to induce dominant lethality and thereby sterilise important mosquito vectors in the laboratory. Experimental releases of chemosterilised males provided complete control of Anopheles albimanus in a small breeding population (14-15 sq km) in El Salvador. Releases of radiation sterilised males failed to control either Aedes aegypti or Anopheles quadrimaculatus in the USA. Releases of radiation-sterilised and chemosterilised male Culex quinquefasciatus in the USA and India were successful in some instances. Development of genetic sexing systems for Anopheles and improved physical separation methods for Culex have made it possible to rear and release males almost exclusively (> 99%) minimizing the release of potential vectors, the females. Factors that affected efficacy in some field programmes included reduction of competitiveness by radiation, immigration of fertilized females from outside the release zones, and inability of laboratory-bred males to perform in the wild. Despite significant progress, institutional commitments to carry the process further were generally lacking in the late 1970s and until recently. Now, with renewed interest and support for further assessment of this technology, this paper summarizes the current knowledge base, prioritizes some areas of investigation, and challenges scientists and administrators to maintain an awareness of progress, remain realistic about the interpretation of new findings, and make decisions about the sterile insect technique on the basis of informed scientific documentation. Areas recommended for priority research status include the establishment of genetic sexing mechanisms that can be transferred to other mosquito species, re-examination of radiation sterilisation, aerial release technology and mass rearing.
从 1955 年到 1980 年代，无菌蚊子技术的研究提供了大量关于蚊子繁殖和释放的知识。辐射灭菌和化学绝育已被有效地用于诱导显性致死性，从而在实验室中使重要的蚊子媒介物绝育。化学绝育雄性蚊子的实验释放为萨尔瓦多一个小繁殖种群（14-15 平方公里）中的 Anopheles albimanus 提供了完全控制。在美国，辐射绝育雄性蚊子的释放未能控制 Aedes aegypti 或 Anopheles quadrimaculatus。在美国和印度，辐射和化学绝育雄性 Culex quinquefasciatus 的释放在某些情况下取得了成功。用于 Anopheles 的遗传性别鉴定系统的发展以及 Culex 的改进的物理分离方法使得可以几乎完全（>99％）繁殖和释放雄性蚊子，从而最大程度地减少潜在媒介物（雌性蚊子）的释放。在某些现场计划中，影响功效的因素包括辐射降低竞争力、来自释放区外的受精雌性的移民以及实验室饲养的雄性在野外无法正常表现。尽管取得了重大进展，但在 20 世纪 70 年代后期和最近之前，普遍缺乏机构承诺进一步推进该过程。现在，随着对该技术进一步评估的兴趣和支持重新出现，本文总结了当前的知识库，确定了一些调查领域，并向科学家和管理人员提出挑战，要求他们了解进展情况，对新发现的解释保持现实，并根据知情的科学文件做出关于绝育昆虫技术的决策。建议优先研究地位的领域包括建立可以转移到其他蚊子物种的遗传性别鉴定机制、重新审查辐射灭菌、空中释放技术和大规模繁殖。
