Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Lyon, France.
Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2010 May;7(5):479-87. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0425.
The goal of this study was to estimate the distribution of pathogens, as well as their antimicrobial resistance pattern, in cows affected by clinical or subclinical mastitis in the Rhône-Alpes region of France. A total of 1770 samples were taken between January 2007 and March 2008, leading to the identification of 1631 bacterial isolates. Streptococcus uberis (22.1%), Escherichia coli (16%), and coagulase-positive staphylococci (15.8%) were identified as the major causative agents of clinical mastitis, whereas coagulase-positive staphylococci (30.2%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (13.7%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (9.3%) were predominantly implicated in subclinical mastitis. Yet, in both types of mastitis, about 20% of all cases were due to a large number of different bacterial species that were isolated at a low frequency (<5%), which cannot be considered as minor (e.g., Klebsiella spp.) or noncontagious (e.g., Corynebacterium spp.). The overall proportion of antibiotic resistance was low, except for penicillin G in staphylococci, as well as for macrolides and tetracycline in streptococci. Yet, these resistance proportions were much lower than those reported in human medicine. Besides providing up-to-date information on mastitis in France, this survey also indicates the prudent use of antibiotics by veterinarians. As a result, this study suggests that the risk of transmission of resistant bacteria from milk or milk products to human is very limited, even in case of consumption of raw milk. However, it also confirms the fact that attention must be maintained to avoid any emergence of such resistant bacteria.
本研究的目的是估计法国罗纳-阿尔卑斯地区患有临床或亚临床乳腺炎的奶牛中病原体的分布及其对抗菌药物的耐药模式。在 2007 年 1 月至 2008 年 3 月期间，共采集了 1770 个样本，共鉴定出 1631 个细菌分离株。无乳链球菌（22.1%）、大肠杆菌（16%）和凝固酶阳性葡萄球菌（15.8%）被鉴定为临床乳腺炎的主要病原体，而凝固酶阳性葡萄球菌（30.2%）、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（13.7%）和停乳链球菌（9.3%）则主要与亚临床乳腺炎有关。然而，在这两种类型的乳腺炎中，大约 20%的病例是由大量不同的细菌引起的，这些细菌的分离频率较低（<5%），不能被认为是次要的（如克雷伯氏菌属）或非传染性的（如棒状杆菌属）。除了葡萄球菌对青霉素 G 以及链球菌对大环内酯类和四环素的耐药比例较高外，整体抗生素耐药比例较低。然而，这些耐药比例远低于在人类医学中报道的比例。本调查除了提供法国乳腺炎的最新信息外，还表明兽医对抗生素的使用是谨慎的。因此，该研究表明，即使食用生奶，从牛奶或奶制品中传播耐药菌给人类的风险也非常有限。然而，它也证实了必须保持警惕，以避免出现任何耐药菌的出现。
