School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Epilepsia. 2010 Jul;51(7):1146-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02402.x. Epub 2009 Nov 16.
To determine the potential risk of epileptic seizures from wind turbine shadow flicker under various meteorologic conditions.
We extend a previous model to include attenuation of sunlight by the atmosphere using the libradtran radiative transfer code.
Under conditions in which observers look toward the horizon with their eyes open we find that there is risk when the observer is closer than 1.2 times the total turbine height when on land, and 2.8 times the total turbine height in marine environments, the risk limited by the size of the image of the sun's disc on the retina. When looking at the ground, where the shadow of the blade is cast, observers are at risk only when at a distance <36 times the blade width, the risk limited by image contrast. If the observer views the horizon and closes their eyes, however, the stimulus size and contrast ratio are epileptogenic for solar elevation angles down to approximately 5 degrees.
Large turbines rotate at a rate below that at which the flicker is likely to present a risk, although there is a risk from smaller turbines that interrupt sunlight more than three times per second. For the scenarios considered, we find the risk is negligible at a distance more than about nine times the maximum height reached by the turbine blade, a distance similar to that in guidance from the United Kingdom planning authorities.
在各种气象条件下，确定风力涡轮机阴影闪烁对癫痫发作的潜在风险。
我们扩展了以前的模型，使用 libradtran 辐射传输代码来包括大气对阳光的衰减。
当观察者睁开眼睛看向地平线时，我们发现当观察者距离陆地的涡轮机总高度小于 1.2 倍，而在海洋环境中距离小于 2.8 倍时，就存在风险，风险受到视网膜上太阳圆盘图像大小的限制。当观察地面上的叶片阴影时，只有当距离小于 36 倍叶片宽度时，观察者才处于危险之中，风险受到图像对比度的限制。然而，如果观察者看向地平线并闭上眼睛，那么对于太阳仰角低至约 5 度的情况，刺激大小和对比度比就会引发癫痫。
大型涡轮机的旋转速度低于可能出现闪烁风险的速度，尽管较小的涡轮机会中断阳光照射，频率超过每秒三次。对于所考虑的情况，我们发现距离涡轮机叶片达到的最大高度的约九倍以上，风险可以忽略不计，这个距离与英国规划当局的指导原则相似。
