McCallum Lindsay C, Whitfield Aslund Melissa L, Knopper Loren D, Ferguson Glenn M, Ollson Christopher A
Intrinsik Environmental Sciences Inc, 500 - 6605 Hurontario Street, L5T 0A3, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
Environ Health. 2014 Feb 15;13(1):9. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-13-9.
The past five years has seen considerable expansion of wind power generation in Ontario, Canada. Most recently worries about exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) from wind turbines, and associated electrical transmission, has been raised at public meetings and legal proceedings. These fears have not been based on any actual measurements of EMF exposure surrounding existing projects but appear to follow from worries from internet sources and misunderstanding of the science.
The study was carried out at the Kingsbridge 1 Wind Farm located near Goderich, Ontario, Canada. Magnetic field measurements were collected in the proximity of 15 Vestas 1.8 MW wind turbines, two substations, various buried and overhead collector and transmission lines, and nearby homes. Data were collected during three operational scenarios to characterize potential EMF exposure: 'high wind' (generating power), 'low wind' (drawing power from the grid, but not generating power) and 'shut off' (neither drawing, nor generating power).
Background levels of EMF (0.2 to 0.3 mG) were established by measuring magnetic fields around the wind turbines under the 'shut off' scenario. Magnetic field levels detected at the base of the turbines under both the 'high wind' and 'low wind' conditions were low (mean = 0.9 mG; n = 11) and rapidly diminished with distance, becoming indistinguishable from background within 2 m of the base. Magnetic fields measured 1 m above buried collector lines were also within background (≤ 0.3 mG). Beneath overhead 27.5 kV and 500 kV transmission lines, magnetic field levels of up to 16.5 and 46 mG, respectively, were recorded. These levels also diminished rapidly with distance. None of these sources appeared to influence magnetic field levels at nearby homes located as close as just over 500 m from turbines, where measurements immediately outside of the homes were ≤ 0.4 mG.
The results suggest that there is nothing unique to wind farms with respect to EMF exposure; in fact, magnetic field levels in the vicinity of wind turbines were lower than those produced by many common household electrical devices and were well below any existing regulatory guidelines with respect to human health.
在过去五年中，加拿大安大略省的风力发电有了显著增长。最近，在公开会议和法律程序中，人们对风力涡轮机及其相关输电产生的电磁场（EMF）暴露表示担忧。这些担忧并非基于对现有项目周围EMF暴露的实际测量，而是似乎源于网络来源的担忧和对科学的误解。
该研究在加拿大安大略省戈德里奇附近的金斯布里奇1风电场进行。在15台维斯塔斯1.8兆瓦风力涡轮机、两个变电站、各种地下和架空集电线路及输电线路以及附近房屋附近收集了磁场测量数据。在三种运行场景下收集数据，以表征潜在的EMF暴露：“大风”（发电）、“小风”（从电网取电但不发电）和“关闭”（既不取电也不发电）。
通过在“关闭”场景下测量风力涡轮机周围的磁场，确定了EMF的背景水平（0.2至0.3毫高斯）。在“大风”和“小风”条件下，涡轮机底部检测到的磁场水平较低（平均值 = 0.9毫高斯；n = 11），并且随着距离迅速减弱，在距离底部2米内与背景无法区分。在地下集电线路上方1米处测量的磁场也在背景范围内（≤ 0.3毫高斯）。在27.5千伏和500千伏架空输电线下，分别记录到高达16.5和46毫高斯的磁场水平。这些水平也随着距离迅速减弱。这些来源似乎都没有影响到距离涡轮机仅500多米的附近房屋的磁场水平，房屋外紧邻处的测量值≤ 0.4毫高斯。
结果表明，风电场在EMF暴露方面没有什么独特之处；事实上，风力涡轮机附近的磁场水平低于许多常见家用电气设备产生的磁场水平，并且远低于任何现有的关于人类健康的监管指南。
