Quiroga Jose
Program for Torture Victims, California, USA.
Torture. 2009;19(2):66-87.
This is a review article that studies the problem of torture in children. Torture in children is a significant worldwide problem, but there are no official or reliable independent statistics to measure the magnitude of the problem. The definition of torture in the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment applies to adults and children. The Convention on the Rights of the Child defines children as "every human being below the age of eighteen years". Torture in children happens during peace times and during political violence and war conflicts. The majority of torture victims happen during peace times. The high-risk groups are impoverished children living in the street, children deprived of parental care, children in conflict with the law, and children in detention. During political violence and war the high risk children are the children detained during political violence, child soldiers, children internally displaced in refugee camps, detained children during the war against terrorism and children tortured by peacekeeping forces. The perpetrators of torture in children are the members of the same forces that torture adults, generally the police, civil police, security guards trained by police, prison guards, and military forces. The paper identifies some preventive measure and develops recommendations for action at the local, national and international level.
这是一篇研究儿童遭受酷刑问题的综述文章。儿童遭受酷刑是一个重大的全球性问题，但尚无官方或可靠的独立统计数据来衡量该问题的严重程度。《禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约》中对酷刑的定义适用于成人和儿童。《儿童权利公约》将儿童定义为“每一个未满十八岁的人”。儿童遭受酷刑的情况发生在和平时期以及政治暴力和战争冲突期间。大多数酷刑受害者出现在和平时期。高危群体包括流落街头的贫困儿童、被剥夺父母照料的儿童、违法儿童以及被拘留儿童。在政治暴力和战争期间，高危儿童是在政治暴力中被拘留的儿童、儿童兵、难民营中境内流离失所的儿童、反恐战争期间被拘留的儿童以及遭受维和部队酷刑的儿童。对儿童实施酷刑的施害者与对成人实施酷刑的是同一类人，通常是警察、民警、接受警察培训的保安、狱警和军队。本文确定了一些预防措施，并针对地方、国家和国际层面的行动提出了建议。
