Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Feb;64(2):184-93. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.134. Epub 2009 Nov 18.
To investigate the association of infant birthweight with maternal diet and supplement intake.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Prospective cohort study of 504 European and Polynesian urban and rural pregnant volunteers recruited from northern New Zealand clinics. Subjects were visited in months 4 (mth4) and 7 (mth7) of pregnancy when height, weight and skinfolds were measured, questionnaires to determine personal details administered, and diet assessed by a 24-hour recall and 3-day food record.
After adjusting for confounders nutrients accounted for up to 5.0% of the total variance in birthweight. Ethnicity was not a significant confounder. A quadratic relationship existed between birthweight and % total energy (%TE) from carbohydrate, fat and protein, most significantly with carbohydrate energy (P=0.002). Birthweight was greatest (approximately 3600 g) when carbohydrate %TE was 48%, fat 35% and protein 17%. Birthweight was reduced with high beta-carotene intakes (mth4, P=0.009) and with both high retinol and beta-carotene intakes in mth4 and 7 (average). Birthweight was positively associated with increasing pantothenic acid/biotin ratios (P=0.011), magnesium (P=0.000) and vitamin D (P=0.015) intakes in mth4; with biotin (P=0.040) and B(12) intakes above the RDI (P=0.006) in mth7; and with pantothenic acid intake in mth4&7 (P=0.002). Dietary supplement usage was associated with increased birthweight, most significantly iron supplementation (P=0.006).
Birthweight was associated with the %TE from carbohydrate, fat and protein, and with beta-carotene, retinol, vitamins D and B(12), pantothenic acid, biotin and magnesium intakes and iron supplementation. More research may be required on some dietary recommendations for pregnancy.
探讨婴儿出生体重与产妇饮食和补充剂摄入的关系。
对象/方法：这是一项对来自新西兰北部诊所的 504 名欧洲和波利尼西亚城市和农村孕妇志愿者进行的前瞻性队列研究。在妊娠第 4 个月（mth4）和第 7 个月（mth7）对受试者进行了访视，测量了身高、体重和皮褶厚度，进行了个人详细情况的问卷调查，并通过 24 小时回顾和 3 天的食物记录评估了饮食情况。
调整混杂因素后，营养素占出生体重总方差的 5.0%。种族不是一个显著的混杂因素。出生体重与碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质的总能量百分比（%TE）之间存在二次关系，其中碳水化合物能量的关系最为显著（P=0.002）。当碳水化合物%TE 为 48%、脂肪 35%和蛋白质 17%时，出生体重最大（约 3600 克）。β-胡萝卜素摄入量高（mth4，P=0.009）以及 mth4 和 7 中视黄醇和β-胡萝卜素摄入量均高时，出生体重降低（平均）。在 mth4 中，随着泛酸/生物素比值（P=0.011）、镁（P=0.000）和维生素 D（P=0.015）摄入量的增加，出生体重呈正相关；在 mth7 中，随着生物素（P=0.040）和高于 RDI 的 B（12）摄入量（P=0.006）的增加，出生体重呈正相关；在 mth4&7 中，随着泛酸的摄入量（P=0.002）的增加，出生体重呈正相关。膳食补充剂的使用与出生体重的增加有关，其中铁补充剂的影响最为显著（P=0.006）。
出生体重与碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质的%TE，以及β-胡萝卜素、视黄醇、维生素 D 和 B（12）、泛酸、生物素和镁的摄入量以及铁补充剂有关。可能需要对一些妊娠期间的饮食建议进行更多的研究。
