School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.
Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.
Nutrients. 2023 Feb 23;15(5):1130. doi: 10.3390/nu15051130.
We consider the relationship between time in bed (TIB) and sleeping difficulties with demographic variables and nutrient intakes in the second (T2) and third (T3) trimester of pregnancy. Data were acquired from a volunteer sample of New Zealand pregnant women. In T2 and T3, questionnaires were administered, diets were obtained from one 24 h recall and three weighed food records, and physical activity was measured with the use of three 24 h diaries. In total, 370 women had complete information in T2 and 310 in T3. In both trimesters, TIB was associated with welfare or disability status, marital status and age. In T2, TIB was associated with work, childcare, education and pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption. There were fewer significant lifestyle covariates in T3. In both trimesters, TIB declined with increasing dietary intake, especially water, protein, biotin, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus and manganese. Adjusted for weight of dietary intake and welfare/disability, TIB declined with increasing nutrient density of B vitamins, saturated fats, potassium, fructose and lactose; and TIB increased with carbohydrate, sucrose and vitamin E. Subjective sleeping difficulties increased with the week of gestation, morning sickness severity, anxiety, dairy and saturated fat intake, and they decreased with fruit, vegetable and monounsaturated fat intake. The study highlights the changing influence of covariates throughout the pregnancy and corroborates several published findings on the relationship of diet and sleep.
我们研究了怀孕第二（T2）和第三（T3）孕期中，卧床时间（TIB）与睡眠困难之间的关系，以及与人口统计学变量和营养摄入的关系。数据来自新西兰孕妇的志愿者样本。在 T2 和 T3 期，我们通过问卷调查、一份 24 小时饮食回忆和三份称重饮食记录获取饮食信息，并使用三份 24 小时日记记录身体活动。共有 370 名女性在 T2 期和 310 名女性在 T3 期有完整信息。在两个孕期中，TIB 都与福利或残疾状况、婚姻状况和年龄有关。在 T2 期，TIB 与工作、儿童保育、教育和孕前饮酒有关。在 T3 期，与 TIB 相关的生活方式变量较少。在两个孕期中，TIB 随着饮食摄入的增加而减少，尤其是水、蛋白质、生物素、钾、镁、钙、磷和锰。在考虑饮食摄入量和福利/残疾的体重后，TIB 随着 B 族维生素、饱和脂肪、钾、果糖和乳糖的营养密度增加而减少；TIB 随着碳水化合物、蔗糖和维生素 E 的增加而增加。主观睡眠困难随着妊娠周数、晨吐严重程度、焦虑、乳制品和饱和脂肪摄入的增加而增加，随着水果、蔬菜和单不饱和脂肪摄入的增加而减少。这项研究强调了整个孕期中协变量变化的影响，并证实了一些关于饮食和睡眠关系的已发表发现。
