Watson W J, Katz V L, Hackney A C, Gall M M, McMurray R G
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Obstet Gynecol. 1991 Mar;77(3):382-6.
Fetal responses to maximal maternal exercise were studied during cycle ergometry and tethered swimming in 13 untrained subjects at 25 and 35 weeks' gestation. The fetal heart rate (FHR) and uterine and umbilical artery waveforms were measured before exercise, immediately after exercise, and at 5-minute intervals during 20 minutes of recovery. The mean maternal maximal heart rate was 179 +/- 12 beats per minute and did not differ between swimming and cycling exercise trials. Six episodes of transient bradycardia occurred after a total of 45 maximal exercise trials. The mean FHR decreased slightly immediately after exercise, then increased approximately ten beats above baseline levels at 10-20 minutes after exercise (P less than .02). The changes from baseline in FHR were greater after cycling than after swimming. Changes observed in the systolic-diastolic ratio (S/D) of the umbilical artery could be accounted for by the FHR variations. The S/D of the uterine artery was significantly higher after cycling than after swimming (P = .05). We conclude that maximal maternal exercise during pregnancy causes transient fetal bradycardia in approximately 15% of cases, in cycling more often than in swimming.
在孕25周和35周时，对13名未经训练的孕妇在进行周期测力计运动和系留游泳期间胎儿对母体最大运动量的反应进行了研究。在运动前、运动后即刻以及恢复20分钟期间每隔5分钟测量胎儿心率（FHR）、子宫和脐动脉波形。母体最大平均心率为每分钟179±12次，在游泳和骑自行车运动试验之间无差异。在总共45次最大运动量试验后出现了6次短暂性心动过缓。运动后即刻平均FHR略有下降，然后在运动后10 - 20分钟比基线水平升高约10次/分钟（P <.02）。骑自行车运动后FHR相对于基线的变化大于游泳后。脐动脉收缩期与舒张期比值（S/D）的变化可由FHR变化来解释。骑自行车运动后子宫动脉的S/D显著高于游泳后（P =.05）。我们得出结论，孕期母体最大运动量在约15%的情况下会导致胎儿短暂性心动过缓，骑自行车运动时比游泳时更常见。
