Institute of Research and Environmental Sustainability, School of Biology, University of Newcastle Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, UK.
Pest Manag Sci. 2010 Mar;66(3):325-36. doi: 10.1002/ps.1879.
In spite of concern regarding potential non-target effects of GM crops, few studies have compared GM pest control with conventional methods. The impacts of cypermethrin and oilseed rape expressing oryzacystatin-1 (OC-1) were compared in this study on the predator Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens).
Adults fed purified rOC-1 showed a subtle shift in digestive protease profile, with an increasing reliance on serine proteases (chymotrypsin), increase in aspartic proteases and a slight reduction in elastase activity. Although there were no effects on mortality, onset of oviposition was delayed; however, once egg production commenced, egg laying and hatching success rates were comparable with those of controls. Oryzacystatin-1 expressed in pollen showed no detrimental effects. Cypermethrin had no effect on mortality owing to high levels of non-specific esterase activity resulting in partial breakdown of the insecticide. In spite of this, there was a significant delay in onset of oviposition and a significant reduction in egg production and viability.
This study demonstrates the potential for pest management to impact on predators, but importantly it highlights the ability of the predator to detoxify/respond to treatments with different modes of action. In this case, exposure to an insecticide carried a greater fitness cost than exposure to a protease inhibitor expressed in transgenic crops.
尽管人们对转基因作物可能产生非靶标效应表示担忧，但很少有研究将转基因防治与传统方法进行比较。本研究比较了拟除虫菊酯和表达几丁质酶抑制剂 1（OC-1）的油菜对捕食性昆虫智利小植绥螨（Chrysoperla carnea）的影响。
喂食纯化 rOC-1 的成螨消化蛋白酶谱略有变化，丝氨酸蛋白酶（胰凝乳蛋白酶）依赖性增加，天冬氨酸蛋白酶增加，弹性蛋白酶活性略有降低。虽然死亡率没有影响，但产卵开始时间延迟；然而，一旦开始产卵，产卵率和孵化成功率与对照组相当。花粉中表达的几丁质酶抑制剂 1 没有显示出有害影响。由于高水平的非特异性酯酶活性导致杀虫剂部分分解，拟除虫菊酯对死亡率没有影响。尽管如此，产卵开始时间仍显著延迟，产卵量和活力显著降低。
本研究表明害虫管理有可能对捕食性昆虫产生影响，但重要的是，它突出了捕食性昆虫能够解毒/对具有不同作用模式的处理作出反应的能力。在这种情况下，暴露于杀虫剂比暴露于转基因作物中表达的蛋白酶抑制剂对健康造成更大的危害。
