Lin Tian, Hu Zhaohui, Zhang Gan, Li Xiangdong, Xu Weihai, Tang Jianhui, Li Jun
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2009 Nov 1;43(21):8033-8. doi: 10.1021/es901827b.
DDT remains an important type of persistent organic pollutant (POP) in the environment of China. One of the current applications of DDT in China has been through antifouling paint for fishing ships as an active component. It has been estimated that approximately 5000 t of DDT was released into the Chinese coastal environment during the last two decades. Therefore, sediments in coastal fishing harbors of China may be the important sinks of DDT. In this study, DDT and its metabolites in 58 sediment samples from nine typical fishing harbors along the coastal line of China were characterized to assess their accumulation levels, sediment burdens, and potential ecological risks. The concentrations of DDTs ranged from 9 to 7350 ng/g dry weight, which were generally 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than those of the adjacent estuarine/marine sediments. The high concentrations of DDT coupled with the lower concentrations of HCH and TOC clearly indicated a strong local DDT input, i.e., DDT-containing antifouling paint, within the fishing harbors. A significant correlation between the total DDT concentrations and p,p'-DDT concentrations further confirmed the existence of fresh DDT input. The overall burden of DDTs within the upper 10 cm sediment layer in the fishing harbors of the Pearl River Delta, southern China, was estimated to be 1.0-5.7 t, which was several times higher than the DDT accumulation in the surface sediment of the Pearl River estuary. The concentrations of DDTs in the fishing harbor sediments significantly exceeded the sediment quality guidelines on the basis of adverse biological effects. The absence or low concentrations of p,p'-DDD in aquatic organisms and human may imply that either p,p'-DDD may be less bioaccumulated by fish and human, or is biotransformed to other metabolites. A national ban of DDT as an additive to antifouling paint was implemented in 2009 in China; however, the legacy high DDT burden in the coastal fishing harbors needs further monitoring and proper management.
滴滴涕在中国环境中仍是一种重要的持久性有机污染物（POP）。目前滴滴涕在中国的一个应用途径是作为渔船防污漆的活性成分。据估计，在过去二十年中约有5000吨滴滴涕排放到中国沿海环境中。因此，中国沿海渔港的沉积物可能是滴滴涕的重要汇。本研究对中国沿海九个典型渔港的58个沉积物样本中的滴滴涕及其代谢物进行了表征，以评估它们的积累水平、沉积物负荷和潜在生态风险。滴滴涕的浓度范围为9至7350纳克/克干重，一般比相邻河口/海洋沉积物高1至2个数量级。高浓度的滴滴涕与较低浓度的六氯环己烷和总有机碳清楚地表明渔港内存在强烈的本地滴滴涕输入，即含滴滴涕的防污漆。总滴滴涕浓度与p,p'-滴滴涕浓度之间的显著相关性进一步证实了新鲜滴滴涕输入的存在。据估计，中国南方珠江三角洲渔港上部10厘米沉积层中滴滴涕的总负荷为1.0至5.7吨，这比珠江口表层沉积物中的滴滴涕积累量高出数倍。基于有害生物效应，渔港沉积物中滴滴涕的浓度显著超过沉积物质量指南。水生生物和人体中p,p'-滴滴滴的缺乏或低浓度可能意味着要么p,p'-滴滴滴在鱼类和人体中的生物累积性较低，要么被生物转化为其他代谢物。中国于2009年实施了全国范围内禁止将滴滴涕用作防污漆添加剂的禁令；然而，沿海渔港遗留的高滴滴涕负荷仍需进一步监测和妥善管理。
