State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2011 May;18(4):556-65. doi: 10.1007/s11356-010-0397-9. Epub 2010 Oct 5.
Birds have been used successfully for biomonitoring of the levels and effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environments; however, there is exceedingly little data on organochlorinated pesticide (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) residues in bird inhabiting in China. In the present study, we detected the concentrations of PCBs, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in muscle, liver and kidney of birds that inhabit in an e-waste recycling site. Associated with the stable isotope ratio (δ (15)N), we investigated the effect of trophic level on the body burdens of persistent contaminants in birds. The tissue distributions of contaminants in these birds were examined, and a preliminary risk assessment was also conducted.
Specimens from eight bird species were collected from Qingyuan County, Guangdong Province, South China. Pectoral muscle, liver and kidney tissues were Soxhlet-extracted and finally dissolved in isooctane. Both PCBs and OCPs were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The subsamples for nitrogen stable isotope analysis were lyophilized, ground and analyzed by a flash EA 112 series elemental analyzer interfaced with an isotope ration mass spectrometer.
PCBs exhibited the highest concentrations among all target compounds, and a preliminary risk assessment suggested that adverse effects might occur in some birds for its high level. Generally, the concentrations of pollutants in liver and kidney were higher than those in muscle, which was mainly driven by passive diffusion to the 'lipid-compartment'. Significant differences in level of contaminants were obtained among species due to the varieties in dietary composition and habitat. An increasing trend was obtained between concentrations of PCBs and DDTs with trophic levels; however, HCHs exhibited the same level among species.
Because of the e-waste recycling activities, the study area has been heavily polluted by PCBs. Studies on the species-specific hazard assessment associated with exposure to PCBs are urgently needed in the study of birds in the area.
鸟类已成功地用于监测环境中持久性有机污染物（POPs）的水平和影响；然而，关于在中国栖息的鸟类体内有机氯农药（OCPs）和多氯联苯（PCBs）残留的资料却极少。本研究检测了栖息在电子废物回收场的鸟类肌肉、肝脏和肾脏中 PCBs、滴滴涕及其代谢物（DDTs）和六氯环己烷（HCHs）的浓度。结合稳定同位素比值（δ（15）N），我们研究了营养水平对鸟类体内持久性污染物负荷的影响。检查了这些鸟类体内污染物的组织分布，并进行了初步的风险评估。
从中国广东省清远县采集了 8 种鸟类的标本。胸肌、肝脏和肾脏组织用索氏提取法提取，最后溶解在异辛烷中。用气相色谱-质谱法分析 PCBs 和 OCPs。氮稳定同位素分析的亚样本经冷冻干燥、研磨后，用闪式 EA 112 系列元素分析仪与同位素质谱仪接口进行分析。
在所研究的所有目标化合物中，PCBs 的浓度最高，初步风险评估表明，由于其高浓度，某些鸟类可能会出现不良反应。一般来说，污染物在肝脏和肾脏中的浓度高于肌肉中的浓度，这主要是由于被动扩散到“脂质区”。由于饮食成分和栖息地的不同，不同物种间污染物的水平存在显著差异。PCBs 和 DDTs 的浓度与营养水平呈正相关，但 HCHs 的浓度在各物种之间相同。
由于电子废物回收活动，研究区域已受到 PCBs 的严重污染。在该地区鸟类的研究中，迫切需要进行与接触 PCBs 相关的物种特异性危害评估。
