帕金森病：排出毒素，进入遗传学。
Parkinson's disease: Exit toxins, enter genetics.
机构信息
Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
出版信息
Prog Neurobiol. 2010 Feb 9;90(2):146-56. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.11.001. Epub 2009 Nov 17.
Abstract
Parkinson's disease was long considered a non-hereditary disorder. Despite extensive research trying to find environmental risk factors for the disease, genetic variants now stand out as the major causative factor. Since a number of genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis it seems likely that several molecular pathways and downstream effectors can affect the trophic support and/or the survival of dopamine neurons, subsequently leading to Parkinson's disease. The present review describes how toxin-based animal models have been valuable tools in trying to find the underlying mechanisms of disease, and how identification of disease-linked genes in humans has led to the development of new transgenic rodent models. The review also describes the current status of the most common genetic susceptibility factors for Parkinson's disease identified up to today.
摘要
帕金森病长期以来被认为是非遗传性疾病。尽管有大量研究试图寻找这种疾病的环境风险因素，但遗传变异现在已成为主要的致病因素。由于有许多基因与发病机制有关，因此似乎有几种分子途径和下游效应物可以影响多巴胺神经元的营养支持和/或存活，进而导致帕金森病。本综述描述了基于毒素的动物模型如何成为寻找疾病潜在机制的有价值的工具，以及人类中鉴定出的与疾病相关的基因如何导致新的转基因啮齿动物模型的发展。该综述还描述了迄今为止发现的最常见的帕金森病遗传易感性因素的现状。
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