Molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease is a complex disease characterized by a progressive degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. The development of this condition is defined by the interaction between the genetic constitution of an organism and environmental factors. Analysis of the genes associated with development of monogenic forms of disease has allowed pointing out several mechanisms involved in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis such as the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, differentiation of dopaminergic neurons, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, and others. In this review, a variety of data which throw light on molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease will be considered.