Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, M. Asias 75, Goudi, 115 2 Athens, Greece.
Eur Psychiatry. 2010 Apr;25(3):151-8. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.07.014. Epub 2009 Nov 18.
Self-harm among prisoners is a common phenomenon. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of self-injurious behavior (SIB) among Greek male prisoners, record their motives and determine independent risk factors.
A self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was administered to 173 male prisoners in the Chalkida prison, Greece. The questionnaire included items on self-harm/SIB, demographic parameters, childhood history, family history, physical and mental disease, lifestyle and smoking habits, alcohol dependence (CAGE questionnaire), illicit substance use, aggression (Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire [BPAQ] and Lifetime History of Aggression [LTHA]), impulsivity (Barrat Impulsivity Scale-11) and suicidal ideation (Spectrum of Suicidal Behavior Scale). Univariate nonparametric statistics and multivariate ordinal logistic regression were performed.
Of all the participants, 49.4% (95% CI: 41.5-57.3%) disclosed self-harm (direct or indirect). The prevalence of SIB was equal to 34.8% (95% CI: 27.5-42.6%). Most frequently, SIB coexisted with indirect self-harm (80.7%). The most common underlying motives were to obtain emotional release (31.6%) and to release anger (21.1%). At the univariate analysis, SIB was positively associated with a host of closely related factors: low education, physical/sexual abuse in childhood, parental neglect, parental divorce, alcoholism in family, psychiatric condition in family, recidivism, age, sentence already served, impulsivity, aggression, alcohol dependence, self-reported diagnosed psychiatric condition and illicit substance use. Childhood variables were particularly associated with the presence of diagnosed psychiatric condition. At the multivariate analysis, however, only three parameters were proven independent risk factors: self-reported diagnosed psychiatric condition, illicit substance use and aggression (BPAQ scale).
The prevalence of SIB is particularly high. Psychiatric condition, illicit substance use and aggression seem to be the most meaningful risk factors; childhood events seem only to act indirectly.
自残在囚犯中是一种常见现象。本研究旨在估计希腊男性囚犯中自我伤害行为（SIB）的流行率，记录他们的动机，并确定独立的风险因素。
在希腊哈尔基达监狱，对 173 名男性囚犯进行了一项自我管理的匿名问卷。问卷包括自我伤害/SIB、人口统计学参数、童年史、家族史、身体和精神疾病、生活方式和吸烟习惯、酒精依赖（CAGE 问卷）、非法药物使用、攻击性（Buss-Perry 攻击性问卷[BPAQ]和终生攻击性[LTHA]）、冲动性（Barrat 冲动量表-11）和自杀意念（自杀行为谱量表）。进行了单变量非参数统计和多变量有序逻辑回归。
所有参与者中，49.4%（95%可信区间：41.5-57.3%）透露有过自我伤害（直接或间接）。SIB 的患病率等于 34.8%（95%可信区间：27.5-42.6%）。SIB 最常与间接自我伤害并存（80.7%）。最常见的潜在动机是获得情感释放（31.6%）和释放愤怒（21.1%）。在单变量分析中，SIB 与许多密切相关的因素呈正相关：受教育程度低、童年期身体/性虐待、父母忽视、父母离婚、家庭酗酒、家庭精神病史、累犯、年龄、已服刑期、冲动性、攻击性、酒精依赖、自我报告的诊断精神状况和非法药物使用。童年时期的变量与诊断的精神状况特别相关。然而，在多变量分析中，只有三个参数被证明是独立的风险因素：自我报告的诊断精神状况、非法药物使用和攻击性（BPAQ 量表）。
SIB 的流行率特别高。精神状况、非法药物使用和攻击性似乎是最重要的危险因素；童年事件似乎只起间接作用。
