División Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2010 May;142(1):95-104. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21206.
The purpose of this article is to examine the patterns of evolutionary relationships between human populations from the later Late Holocene (1,500-100 years BP) of southern South America on the basis of dental morphometric data. We tested the hypotheses that the variation observed in this region would be explained by the existence of populations with different phylogenetic origin or differential action of gene flow and genetic drift. In this study, we analyzed permanent teeth from 17 samples of male and female adult individuals from throughout southern South America. We measured mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters at the base of the crown, along the cement-enamel junction. The results of multiple regression analysis and a mantel correlogram indicate the existence of spatial structure in dental shape variation, as the D(2) Mahalanobis distance between samples increases with increasing geographical distance between them. In addition, the correlation test results show a trend toward reduction of the internal variation of samples with increasing latitude. The detected pattern of dental variation agrees with the one expected as an outcome of founder serial effects related to an expansion of range during the initial occupation of southern South America.
本文旨在基于牙齿形态计量学数据，探讨南美洲南部晚全新世（1500-100 年前）后人类群体进化关系的模式。我们检验了以下假设，即在该地区观察到的变异可以用具有不同系统发生起源的群体的存在或基因流和遗传漂变的差异作用来解释。在这项研究中，我们分析了来自南美洲南部各地的 17 名男性和女性成年个体的恒磨牙。我们在牙冠基底的近远中径和颊舌径处测量了牙釉质交界处的牙釉质。多元回归分析和 Mantel 相关图的结果表明，牙齿形态变化存在空间结构，因为样本之间的 D（2）马氏距离随着它们之间地理距离的增加而增加。此外，相关检验结果表明，随着纬度的增加，样本内部变异呈减少趋势。所检测到的牙齿变异模式与预期的模式一致，这是由于在南美洲南部最初占领期间范围扩张导致的创始者系列效应的结果。
