Slepecky Ralph A, Starmer William T
Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.
Mycologia. 2009 Nov-Dec;101(6):823-32. doi: 10.3852/08-197.
Phenotypic plasticity in fungi is reviewed in the context of observations on phenotypic changes in the colony morphology of the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. The variation in colony form is shown to depend on (i) the types of single carbon substrates (sugars and sugar alcohols) used in the growth medium, (ii) colony age, (iii) incubation temperature, (iv) light cycle and (v) substrate type. Expanding colonies grow in a developmental sequence that show synchronize growth phase shifts as well as unusual transitions from homogeneous to sectored, yeast to mycelial and giant to microcolonial growth forms. Epigenetic influences on phenotypic switches are suggested to be potential causes of form changes. The desirable properties of a model organism for studying phenotypic plasticity are discussed and past work on the yeast-mycelial transition of fungi is reviewed.
本文结合对出芽短梗霉菌落形态表型变化的观察，综述了真菌的表型可塑性。研究表明，菌落形态的变化取决于：（i）生长培养基中使用的单一碳源底物（糖和糖醇）类型；（ii）菌落年龄；（iii）培养温度；（iv）光照周期；（v）底物类型。扩展的菌落按发育顺序生长，表现出同步的生长阶段转变，以及从均匀到扇形、酵母到菌丝体、巨型到微菌落生长形式的异常转变。表观遗传对表型转换的影响被认为是形态变化的潜在原因。本文讨论了用于研究表型可塑性的模式生物的理想特性，并综述了过去关于真菌酵母-菌丝体转变的研究工作。
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