Criminal Justice Research Center at Ohio State University in Columbus, USA.
Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2009 Oct;39(5):482-98. doi: 10.1521/suli.2009.39.5.482.
Few theories on suicide have been grounded in the norm of reciprocity. There is literature on suicide, however, describing motivations such as retaliation and retreat which can be interpreted as modes of adaptation to the norm of reciprocity. We propose a reciprocity-based theory to explain suicides associated with relationship problems. Employing a content analysis of suicide notes, we tested the theory, finding evidence of exploitation, exploiter guilt, retaliation, and retreat as motives for committing relationship-based suicide. Reciprocity-based note writers were more likely to have used alcohol or drugs in the hours prior to committing suicide, and they were also more likely to have made their intentions known beforehand. Implications for future research as well as for suicide prevention are discussed.
鲜有自杀理论扎根于互惠规范。然而，有自杀文献描述了报复和退缩等动机，这些动机可以被解释为适应互惠规范的模式。我们提出了一个基于互惠的理论来解释与人际关系问题相关的自杀。通过对自杀遗言进行内容分析，我们验证了这一理论，发现了利用、施害者内疚、报复和退缩作为人际关系自杀动机的证据。基于互惠的遗言撰写者在自杀前几小时更有可能使用酒精或毒品，并且他们也更有可能事先表明自己的意图。讨论了对未来研究以及自杀预防的影响。
