The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Scand J Psychol. 2009 Dec;50(6):561-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00781.x.
Studies addressing cerebral functional localization face methodological and theoretical problems. Lesion experiments expect that when a functionally specialized structure is missing, its function can be deduced from the resulting impairments. Mostly, however, initial impairments are partially or fully eliminated through functional recovery. Apparently, such a recovery contradicts the notion of functional localization. In order to understand the mechanisms of recovery, improved methodology and a new theoretical framework are required. Insights into the mechanisms of recovery can be achieved by using "challenge" techniques, where functionally recovered individuals are exposed to organic and behavioral challenges, e.g. pharmacological manipulations or additional lesions, as well as modified test situations. Using such methods, a number of principles of functional recovery have emerged. We evaluate some of the available theories of post-traumatic recovery against these principles and find that none of them can account for the principles. Finally, we present a new conceptual framework - the Reorganization of Elementary Functions (REF) model. This model reconceptualizes the term "function", suggests mechanisms of post-traumatic reorganizations, and resolves the contradiction between localization and functional recovery.
研究大脑功能定位面临方法学和理论问题。病变实验期望当一个功能专门化的结构缺失时，可以从产生的损伤中推断出其功能。然而，最初的损伤大多通过功能恢复而部分或完全消除。显然，这种恢复与功能定位的概念相矛盾。为了理解恢复的机制，需要改进的方法和新的理论框架。通过使用“挑战”技术，可以深入了解恢复的机制，在这些技术中，功能恢复的个体暴露于有机和行为挑战下，例如药理学操作或额外的损伤，以及修改后的测试情况。使用这些方法，出现了一些功能恢复的原则。我们根据这些原则评估了一些创伤后恢复的现有理论，发现没有一个理论能够解释这些原则。最后，我们提出了一个新的概念框架——基本功能重组（REF）模型。该模型重新定义了“功能”一词，提出了创伤后重组的机制，并解决了定位和功能恢复之间的矛盾。
