Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2009 Nov;7(10):1121-8. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2009.0073.
Exposure to ionizing radiation has clearly been established as one of the risk factors for the development of breast cancer. Much data on the relationship between radiation exposures and subsequent breast cancer are derived from atomic bomb survivors and women who received medical exposures either for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Although these populations differ in background breast cancer risks and the dose, quality, and timing of radiation, consistent findings include an increased risk with younger age at exposure, long latency to breast cancer development, and increasing risk with increasing radiation dose. Although therapeutic radiation is rarely used to treat benign conditions, it remains an important and effective treatment modality for a wide range of cancers. Increased knowledge of radiation-related breast cancer and modifying influences plays an important role in guiding the initial treatment approach for young women and optimizing long-term follow-up care.
电离辐射暴露显然已被确定为乳腺癌发展的危险因素之一。关于辐射暴露与随后发生的乳腺癌之间关系的数据主要来自原子弹幸存者和因诊断或治疗目的而接受医疗照射的妇女。尽管这些人群的背景乳腺癌风险以及辐射的剂量、质量和时间不同，但一致的发现包括：暴露年龄越小，风险越高；潜伏期长至乳腺癌发展；辐射剂量越高，风险越大。尽管治疗性辐射很少用于治疗良性疾病，但它仍然是治疗多种癌症的重要且有效的治疗方式。增加对与辐射相关的乳腺癌及其影响因素的认识，对于指导年轻女性的初始治疗方法和优化长期随访护理起着重要作用。
