Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 21 Sachem St, New Haven, CT 06520-8105, United States.
J Insect Physiol. 2010 Apr;56(4):380-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.11.011. Epub 2009 Dec 2.
We studied the response in wing size to rearing at different temperatures of nine strains of Drosophila representing six species. The species varied in their natural habitats from tropical to temperate and one cosmopolitan. The evolutionary divergence of the species spans 50 million years. While some quantitative differences were found, all species responded to temperature very similarly: females increased an average of approximately 11% and males approximately 14% when reared at 19 degrees C compared to 25 degrees C. The phenotypic plasticity in wing size in response to temperature appears to be a fixed trait in Drosophila across long evolutionary time and diverse ecological settings. This likely reflects the close relationship between wing area (and thus wing loading) and insect body mass that is a crucial factor for flight regardless of ecology and is, thus, maintained across long evolutionary time.
我们研究了在不同温度下饲养的九个品系的果蝇对翅膀大小的反应，这些品系代表了六个物种。这些物种的自然栖息地从热带到温带不等，还有一个是世界性的。物种的进化分歧跨越了 5000 万年。虽然发现了一些定量差异，但所有物种对温度的反应非常相似：与 25°C 相比，在 19°C 下饲养时，雌性平均增加约 11%，雄性平均增加约 14%。果蝇对温度的翅膀大小表型可塑性似乎是一种在长期进化和多样生态环境中固定的特征。这可能反映了翅膀面积（因此翅膀负载）与昆虫体重之间的密切关系，无论生态如何，这都是飞行的关键因素，因此在长期进化中得以维持。
