Partridge Linda, Barrie Brian, Fowler Kevin, French Vernon
Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK.
Evolution. 1994 Aug;48(4):1269-1276. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1994.tb05311.x.
We examined the evolutionary and developmental responses of body size to temperature in Drosophila melanogaster, using replicated lines of flies that had been allowed to evolve for 5 yr at 25°C or at 16.5°C. Development and evolution at the lower temperature both resulted in higher thorax length and wing area. The evolutionary effect of temperature on wing area was entirely a consequence of an increase in cell area. The developmental response was mainly attributable to an increase in cell area, with a small effect on cell number in males. Given its similarity to the evolutionary response, the increase in body size and cell size resulting from development at low temperature may be a case of adaptive phenotypic plasticity. The pattern of plasticity did not evolve in response to temperature for any of the traits. The selective advantage of the evolutionary and developmental responses to temperature is obscure and remains a major challenge for future work.
我们利用在25°C或16.5°C下进化了5年的果蝇重复品系，研究了黑腹果蝇体型对温度的进化和发育反应。在较低温度下的发育和进化均导致胸长和翅面积增加。温度对翅面积的进化影响完全是细胞面积增加的结果。发育反应主要归因于细胞面积的增加，对雄性细胞数量有较小影响。鉴于其与进化反应的相似性，低温发育导致的体型和细胞大小增加可能是适应性表型可塑性的一个例子。可塑性模式并未因任何性状的温度变化而进化。对温度的进化和发育反应的选择优势尚不清楚，仍然是未来研究的一大挑战。
