Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany.
J Anim Sci. 2010 Mar;88(3):972-81. doi: 10.2527/jas.2009-2370. Epub 2009 Nov 20.
The hypothesis examined in this experiment was that, because of intensive selection for greater daily BW gains and efficient utilization of concentrated low-fiber diets, modern pig breeds differ from old local breeds in their physiological ability to respond to soluble dietary fiber. Thus, the old local breeds, Schwaebisch Haellisches Schwein (SH) and Bunte Bentheimer (BB), and a modern crossbred pig (CB) were used in metabolism trials to study fiber-related digestion, including microbial hindgut fermentation, by applying a colon simulation technique (Cositec) and measuring intestinal glucose transport in Ussing chambers. A basal diet or basal plus 20% dried sugar beet pulp (SBP) as a soluble fiber source was fed to 6 pigs/breed in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Four pigs of each breed per treatment were used for intestinal anatomical measurements at the end of the metabolism trials. The pigs had an initial average BW of 33.9 +/- 3.7 kg. The basal diet was formulated to meet 80% of energy and 100% of nutrient requirements for pigs with 700 g of ADG. Feeding the SBP diet reduced total intestinal tract, but it increased colon length, water-holding capacity of the digesta, and fecal bulk (P < 0.01). The digestibility of OM, CP, and ether extract decreased, whereas that of NDF and ADF increased, by SBP (P = 0.001). Pigs receiving SBP excreted less urinary N and retained more N (P = 0.001). The fecal proportions of undigested dietary and water soluble N increased and those of bacterial and endogenous debris N decreased (P < 0.05) in SBP-fed pigs. The SH pigs had lighter empty cecum weight, shorter colons, and less NDF digestibility than BB and CB pigs (P < 0.05). Fecal N excretion did not differ (P = 0.659) among breeds, but SH pigs excreted more urinary N (P = 0.001) than the other breeds. In Cositec, OM, NDF, and ADF disappearance rates from cecal chyme of SBP-fed pigs increased (P < 0.05) irrespective of pig breed. Cecal chyme of SBP-fed BB pigs produced more VFA with a smaller proportion of propionate and a larger acetate to propionate ratio than chyme of SBP-fed SH and CB pigs. The intestinal epithelial glucose transport was greater for ileal than for jejunal tissues (P < 0.001) but was not influenced by diet and pig breed. In conclusion, the modern and intensely selected pig breed can utilize SBP fiber as efficiently as the old pig breeds under the present experimental conditions.
本实验的假设是，由于现代猪种在每日体重增加和高效利用低纤维浓缩饲料方面的选择压力较大，因此与旧的本地品种相比，它们在对可溶性膳食纤维的生理反应能力上存在差异。因此，使用新陈代谢试验研究纤维相关的消化，包括微生物后肠发酵，应用结肠模拟技术（Cositec）并在 Ussing 室中测量肠道葡萄糖转运，使用了旧的本地品种（施瓦本黑林猪（SH）和邦特本特海姆猪（BB））和一个现代杂交猪（CB）。以基础日粮或基础日粮加 20%干甜菜浆（SBP）作为可溶性纤维源，以 2 x 3 因子处理安排分别给每头猪/品种喂食 6 头。每个处理组的每头猪有 4 头用于在新陈代谢试验结束时进行肠道解剖学测量。猪的初始平均体重为 33.9 +/- 3.7 公斤。基础日粮的配方是为了满足具有 700 克 ADG 的猪 80%的能量和 100%的营养需求。喂食 SBP 日粮会降低整个肠道的重量，但会增加结肠的长度、食糜的持水能力和粪便的体积（P < 0.01）。SBP 降低了 OM、CP 和乙醚提取物的消化率，而增加了 NDF 和 ADF 的消化率（P = 0.001）。SBP 组猪的尿氮排泄量减少，氮保留量增加（P = 0.001）。SBP 组猪粪便中未消化的饲料和水溶性氮的比例增加，而细菌和内源性残渣氮的比例减少（P < 0.05）。SH 猪的空盲肠重量较轻，结肠较短，NDF 消化率低于 BB 和 CB 猪（P < 0.05）。粪便氮排泄量在品种间没有差异（P = 0.659），但 SH 猪的尿氮排泄量高于其他品种（P = 0.001）。在 Cositec 中，SBP 组猪盲肠食糜中 OM、NDF 和 ADF 的消失率增加（P < 0.05），与猪品种无关。与 SBP 喂养的 SH 和 CB 猪的盲肠食糜相比，SBP 喂养的 BB 猪的盲肠食糜产生更多的 VFA，丙酸比例较小，乙酸与丙酸的比例较大。回肠组织的肠道上皮葡萄糖转运率高于空肠组织（P < 0.001），但不受日粮和猪品种的影响。总之，在目前的实验条件下，现代且经过强烈选择的猪种可以像旧猪种一样有效地利用 SBP 纤维。
