Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bellini Life Science Building, McGill University, Montreal, H3G 0B1, Canada.
J Physiol. 2010 Jan 1;588(Pt 1):107-16. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.178905. Epub 2009 Nov 23.
In the central nervous system, most excitatory synapses occur on dendritic spines, which are small protrusions from the dendritic tree. In the mature cortex and hippocampus, dendritic spines are heterogeneous in shape. It has been shown that the shapes of the spine can affect synapse stability and synaptic function. Dendritic spines are highly motile structures that can undergo actin-dependent shape changes, which occur over a time scale ranging from seconds to tens of minutes or even days. The formation, remodelling and elimination of excitatory synapses on dendritic spines represent ways of refining the microcircuitry in the brain. Here I review the current knowledge on the effects of modulation of AMPA and NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors on dendritic spine formation, motility and remodelling.
在中枢神经系统中，大多数兴奋性突触发生在树突棘上，树突棘是从树突上伸出的小突起。在成熟的大脑皮层和海马体中，树突棘的形状是异构的。已经表明，棘的形状可以影响突触的稳定性和突触功能。树突棘是高度运动的结构，可以发生肌动蛋白依赖性的形状变化，其发生的时间尺度从几秒钟到几十分钟甚至几天不等。兴奋性突触在树突棘上的形成、重塑和消除代表了大脑中微电路的精细化方式。在这里，我回顾了目前关于调节 AMPA 和 NMDA 离子型谷氨酸受体对树突棘形成、运动和重塑的影响的知识。
