Beaurain Marie, Salabert Anne-Sophie, Payoux Pierre, Gras Emmanuel, Talmont Franck
ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31024 Toulouse, France.
Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069), CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024 Sep 25;17(10):1265. doi: 10.3390/ph17101265.
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are members of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family. These ligand-gated channels are entwined with numerous fundamental neurological functions within the central nervous system (CNS), and numerous neuropsychiatric disorders may arise from their malfunction.
The purpose of the present review is to provide a detailed description of NMDARs by addressing their molecular structures, activation mechanisms, and physiological roles in the mammalian brain. In the second part, their role in various neuropsychiatric disorders including stroke, epilepsy, anti-NMDA encephalitis, Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases, schizophrenia, depression, neuropathic pain, opioid-induced tolerance, and hyperalgesia will be covered.
Finally, through a careful exploration of the main non-competitive NMDARs antagonists (channel-blockers).
We discuss the strengths and limitations of the various molecular structures developed for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体（NMDARs）是离子型谷氨酸受体家族的成员。这些配体门控通道与中枢神经系统（CNS）内众多基本神经功能密切相关，其功能异常可能引发多种神经精神疾病。
本综述旨在通过阐述NMDARs的分子结构、激活机制及其在哺乳动物大脑中的生理作用，对其进行详细描述。第二部分将涵盖它们在各种神经精神疾病中的作用，包括中风、癫痫、抗NMDAR脑炎、阿尔茨海默病和亨廷顿病、精神分裂症、抑郁症、神经性疼痛、阿片类药物诱导的耐受性和痛觉过敏。
最后，通过对主要非竞争性NMDARs拮抗剂（通道阻滞剂）的仔细探究。
我们讨论了为诊断或治疗目的而开发的各种分子结构的优缺点。
