Guo Jing Li, Su Lue, Zhao Jing Ling, Yang Li, Lv Dong Liang, Li You Qiong, Cheng Fu Bo
Department of Plastic Surgery, People's Hospital of Jilin Province, Norman Bethune Medical School, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin province 130021, P. R. China.
J Craniofac Surg. 2009 Nov;20(6):2235-7. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181bf85f4.
The purpose of the present study was to determine the location of the mental foramen (MF) based on soft- and hard-tissue landmarks, to facilitate prediction of the location of this structure during facial and dental surgery. Forty-two hemispheres of 21 adult cadavers (16 men and 5 women; aged 30-75 years) were dissected to expose the MF. The locations of the MFs were evaluated with direct and photographic measurements. Most of the MFs presented a single foramen (95%), except for only 2 cases with double foramina (5%). The MFs localized 23.38 +/- 2.00 mm inferior and 3.55 +/- 1.70 mm medial to the cheilion in the front view while 23.59 +/- 2.11 mm inferior and 7.19 +/- 3.03 mm posterior to the cheilion in the lateral view. Based on the hard-tissue landmarks, we found that most of the MFs localized inferior the second premolar in most of the cases (73.8%), and the MFs localized 23.34 +/- 2.39 mm below the cusp tip of the second premolar, 16.56 +/- 2.53 mm below the inferior alveoli, and 15.56 +/- 1.74 mm superior the bottom of the mandible. The position of the MF varied from 8.7 degrees medial to 15.5 degrees posterior in the vertical angle with the change of surgical body position from supine to lay-side position. Our results may provide a more detailed information to predict the location of the MFs.
本研究的目的是基于软组织和硬组织标志来确定颏孔（MF）的位置，以便在面部和牙科手术中便于预测该结构的位置。对21具成年尸体（16例男性和5例女性；年龄30 - 75岁）的42个半侧头部进行解剖以暴露颏孔。通过直接测量和摄影测量来评估颏孔的位置。大多数颏孔为单个孔（95%），只有2例为双孔（5%）。在正视图中，颏孔位于口角下方23.38±2.00 mm且口角内侧3.55±1.70 mm处；在侧视图中，位于口角下方23.59±2.11 mm且口角后方7.19±3.03 mm处。基于硬组织标志，我们发现大多数情况下（73.8%），颏孔位于第二前磨牙下方，颏孔位于第二前磨牙牙尖下方23.34±2.39 mm、下颌牙槽嵴下方16.56±2.53 mm以及下颌骨底部上方15.56±1.74 mm处。随着手术体位从仰卧位变为侧卧位，颏孔在垂直角度上的位置从口角内侧8.7度变化至口角后方15.5度。我们的结果可为预测颏孔的位置提供更详细的信息。
