University Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
Psychiatr Danub. 2009 Dec;21(4):474-82.
Our research objective was to estimate the characteristics of major depressive disorder and social adaptation of women displaced during the war in Croatia in the early 1990s. We aimed to establish the relationship between major depressive disorder and displacement and study its impact on the outcome of depression in order to improve treatment and avoid possible complications. A group of 20 women, 35 to 55 years of age, displaced some time during the 199l.-1995. war in Croatia were compared to 27 women of the same age but with no experience of exile. All the patients suffered from major depressive disorder based upon DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Zung Self Rating Depression Scale and the Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale were used. The objective intensity of depression of the displaced significantly decreased over time but not their personal experience of depression. All depressed patients manifested poor social adaptation. Many aspects of social functioning remained poor even after the improvement of depressive disorder. Displacement characteristics were: the length of time spent in exile, the place, and the circumstances of displacement regarding the members of the family accompanying the displaced women. These characteristics significantly influenced the expression of their major depressive disorder as well as social functioning. Displaced persons/refugees are at high risk of developing depressive disorder. Recognition of all risk factors and early diagnosis of depressive disorder followed by appropriate treatment could decrease the risk of chronic and complicated depression as well as the risk of poor social adaptation.
我们的研究目的是评估 20 世纪 90 年代初克罗地亚战争期间流离失所的女性的重度抑郁症和社会适应特征。我们旨在确定重度抑郁症与流离失所之间的关系，并研究其对抑郁症结局的影响，以便改善治疗并避免可能的并发症。一组 20 名年龄在 35 至 55 岁之间的女性在 1991 年至 1995 年期间曾在克罗地亚战争中流离失所，与 27 名年龄相同但没有流亡经历的女性进行了比较。所有患者均根据 DSM-IV 诊断标准患有重度抑郁症。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表、zung 自评抑郁量表和社会适应自我评价量表进行评估。流离失所女性的抑郁客观严重程度随着时间的推移而显著降低，但个人的抑郁体验没有变化。所有抑郁患者的社会适应能力都较差。即使抑郁障碍有所改善，许多社会功能方面仍较差。流离失所的特征包括：流亡时间的长短、地点以及与流离失所妇女一起的家庭成员的情况。这些特征显著影响了她们重度抑郁症的表现和社会功能。流离失所者/难民患抑郁症的风险很高。识别所有风险因素并及早诊断抑郁症，随后进行适当治疗，可以降低慢性和复杂抑郁症以及社会适应不良的风险。
