Department of Biomolecular and Sports Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, UK.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2009 Oct;34(5):942-9. doi: 10.1139/H09-078.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of both pre-exercise and combined pre-exercise and midexercise cooling strategies during simulated match play in elite female soccer players in the heat. Eight elite female soccer players performed two 45 min periods of intermittent running separated by 15 min seated rest on 3 separate occasions (30.6 +/- 0.2 degrees C, 63.4 +/- 2.5% relative humidity). Participants undertook a no-cooling (CON) or ice-vest cooling for 20 min pre-exercise (PRE) or both pre-exercise and during the 15 min rest period (PRE+MID). Rectal temperature (Tre), skin temperatures, and heart rate were monitored continuously. Mean skin temperature (TMS) and heat storage were calculated. Significant interactions (trial x time) were observed for the change in Tre from rest, TMS, and heat storage (p < 0.05). The change in Tre from rest was greater during CON when compared with PRE and PRE+MID from 35 min until the end of exercise (p < 0.05). When compared with CON (p < 0.05), TMS was lower after precooling (PRE and PRE+MID) and during the 15 min rest period and the first 5 min of the second exercise bout for PRE+MID. Heat storage was also lower after precooling (PRE and PRE+MID) (p < 0.05) and from 60 min until the end of exercise for PRE+MID (p < 0.05) and until 85 min and again at 95 min during PRE (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that both cooling strategies were effective in reducing thermal strain during intermittent exercise in the heat. However, PRE+MID cooling was more effective than PRE cooling in offsetting heat storage.
本研究旨在探讨在热环境下，对精英女性足球运动员进行模拟比赛时，赛前和运动中结合冷却策略对运动表现的影响。8 名精英女性足球运动员在 3 次不同的时间间隔内，分别进行了 2 次 45 分钟的间歇跑，中间间隔 15 分钟休息（30.6 +/- 0.2 摄氏度，63.4 +/- 2.5%相对湿度）。参与者在赛前（PRE）或赛前和 15 分钟休息期间（PRE+MID）进行 20 分钟的冰背心冷却或不冷却（CON）。连续监测直肠温度（Tre）、皮肤温度和心率。计算平均皮肤温度（TMS）和热量储存。Tre 从休息到运动的变化、TMS 和热量储存的试验与时间交互作用有显著差异（p < 0.05）。与 PRE 和 PRE+MID 相比，CON 时Tre 从休息到运动的变化在 35 分钟至运动结束时更大（p < 0.05）。与 CON 相比（p < 0.05），冷却后（PRE 和 PRE+MID）和 15 分钟休息期间以及 PRE+MID 第二次运动的前 5 分钟，TMS 更低。冷却后（PRE 和 PRE+MID）（p < 0.05）和从 60 分钟到运动结束时，PRE+MID 的热量储存也更低（p < 0.05），以及在 PRE 时的 85 分钟和 95 分钟时再次更低（p < 0.05）。本研究结果表明，两种冷却策略在热环境下间歇性运动中均能有效减轻热应激。然而，PRE+MID 冷却比 PRE 冷却更能有效抵消热量储存。
