Centro de Biotecnologia dos Açores, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade dos Açores, Terra-Chã, 9701-851 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal.
Genome. 2009 Sep;52(9):790-800. doi: 10.1139/g09-048.
As the ancestor of cultivated grape, Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris represents a unique, invaluable genetic resource for the improvement of cultivated grapevines. Recently, five populations of wild grapevines were identified in Portugal. Sixty vines were characterized with 11 nuclear SSR markers and further compared with 70 genotypes of Portuguese Vitis vinifera subsp. sativa. The obtained data demonstrate moderate genetic differentiation between wild grapevine populations and moderate to high genetic differentiation between wild and cultivated grapevines. However, the identification of high degrees of similarity between wild and cultivated grapes (up to 87%) and a putative parent-progeny relationship between wild and cultivated grapes with 17 additional SSR markers is indicative of gene flow between local wild grapevine populations and Portuguese domesticated vines. Also, the ancestry of some Azorean cultivars was ascertained. The obtained data further support the hypothesis of several domestication centres, with Portugal, Spain, and Italy playing a particular role after the last glaciation, giving rise to many of the Western European cultivars.
作为栽培葡萄的祖先，野生葡萄亚种。vinifera 代表了一种独特的、宝贵的遗传资源，可用于改良栽培葡萄。最近，在葡萄牙确定了五个野生葡萄种群。用 11 个核 SSR 标记对 60 株藤本植物进行了特征描述，并与 70 个葡萄牙栽培葡萄亚种。vinifera 基因型进行了进一步比较。所得数据表明，野生葡萄种群之间存在中等程度的遗传分化，野生和栽培葡萄之间存在中等至高度的遗传分化。然而，野生和栽培葡萄之间存在高度相似性（高达 87%）的鉴定以及 17 个额外 SSR 标记的野生和栽培葡萄之间的假定亲代-后代关系表明，当地野生葡萄种群和葡萄牙驯化葡萄之间存在基因流。此外，一些亚速尔群岛品种的起源也得到了确定。所得数据进一步支持了多个驯化中心的假说，在末次冰期后，葡萄牙、西班牙和意大利发挥了特殊作用，产生了许多西欧品种。
