Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2009 Nov-Dec;24(6):430-8. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0b013e3181c133e9.
To determine whether an association exists between traumatic brain injury (TBI) sustained in adulthood and cognitive impairment 6 months or longer after injury.
Systematic review of the published, peer-reviewed literature.
From 430 articles, we identified 11 primary and 22 secondary studies that examined cognitive impairment by using performance measures for adults who were at least 6 months post-TBI. There was clear evidence of an association between penetrating brain injury and impaired cognitive function. Factors that modified this association included preinjury intelligence, volume of brain tissue lost, and brain region injured. There was also suggestive evidence that penetrating brain injury may exacerbate the cognitive effects of normal aging. We found clear evidence for long-term cognitive deficits associated with severe TBI. There was suggestive evidence that moderately severe brain injuries are associated with cognitive impairments. There was inadequate/insufficient evidence to determine whether an association exists between a single, mild TBI and cognitive deficits 6 months or longer postinjury.
In adults, penetrating, moderate, and severe TBIs are associated with cognitive deficits 6 months or longer postinjury. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether mild TBI is associated with cognitive deficits 6 months or longer postinjury.
确定成年人在遭受创伤性脑损伤（TBI）后 6 个月或更长时间是否存在认知障碍。
对已发表的同行评审文献进行系统评价。
从 430 篇文章中，我们确定了 11 项主要研究和 22 项次要研究，这些研究通过使用至少 6 个月后发生 TBI 的成年人的表现测量来检查认知障碍。有明确的证据表明穿透性脑损伤与认知功能障碍之间存在关联。改变这种关联的因素包括损伤前智力、丧失的脑组织量和受伤的脑区。还有证据表明，穿透性脑损伤可能会加剧正常衰老的认知影响。我们发现与严重 TBI 相关的长期认知缺陷的明确证据。有证据表明，中度严重的脑损伤与认知障碍有关。有足够/足够的证据来确定单次轻度 TBI 是否与受伤后 6 个月或更长时间的认知缺陷有关。
在成年人中，穿透性、中度和重度 TBI 与受伤后 6 个月或更长时间的认知障碍有关。没有足够的证据来确定轻度 TBI 是否与受伤后 6 个月或更长时间的认知缺陷有关。
