Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
J Hum Evol. 2010 Feb;58(2):166-78. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.10.003. Epub 2009 Nov 27.
Discovery of the first complete Early Pleistocene hominin pelvis, Gona BSN49/P27, attributed to Homo erectus, raises a number of issues regarding early hominin body size and shape variation. Here, acetabular breadth, femoral head breadth, and body mass calculated from femoral head breadth are compared in 37 early hominin (6.0-0.26 Ma) specimens, including BSN49/P27. Acetabular and estimated femoral head sizes in the Gona specimen fall close to the means for non-Homo specimens (Orrorin tugenesis, Australopithecus africanus, Paranthropus robustus), and well below the ranges of all previously described Early and Middle Pleistocene Homo specimens. The Gona specimen has an estimated body mass of 33.2kg, close to the mean for the non-Homo sample (34.1kg, range 24-51.5kg, n=19) and far outside the range for any previously known Homo specimen (mean=70.5kg; range 52-82kg, n=17). Inclusion of the Gona specimen within H. erectus increases inferred sexual dimorphism in body mass in this taxon to a level greater than that observed here for any other hominin taxon, and increases variation in body mass within H. erectus females to a level much greater than that observed for any living primate species. This raises questions regarding the taxonomic attribution of the Gona specimen. When considered within the context of overall variation in body breadth among early hominins, the mediolaterally very wide Gona pelvis fits within the distribution of other lower latitude Early and Middle Pleistocene specimens, and below that of higher latitude specimens. Thus, ecogeographic variation in body breadth was present among earlier hominins as it is in living humans. The increased M-L pelvic breadth in all earlier hominins relative to modern humans is related to an increase in ellipticity of the birth canal, possibly as a result of a non-rotational birth mechanism that was common to both australopithecines and archaic Homo.
发现的第一个完整的早更新世原始人骨盆，Gona BSN49/P27，归因于直立人，提出了一些关于早期原始人体型和形状变化的问题。在这里，髋臼宽度，股骨头宽度和从股骨头宽度计算出的体重在 37 个早期原始人（6.0-0.26 Ma）标本中进行了比较，包括 Gona BSN49/P27。Gona 标本的髋臼和估计的股骨头大小接近非人类标本的平均值（Orrorin tugenesis、Australopithecus africanus、Paranthropus robustus），远低于所有以前描述的早期和中期更新世人类标本的范围。Gona 标本的估计体重为 33.2kg，接近非人类样本的平均值（34.1kg，范围 24-51.5kg，n=19），远超出任何以前已知的人类标本的范围（平均值=70.5kg；范围 52-82kg，n=17）。将 Gona 标本归入直立人，使该类群的体重推断出的性别二态性增加到高于任何其他原始人分类群的水平，并使直立人女性的体重变化增加到高于任何现生灵长类物种的水平。这引发了关于 Gona 标本的分类归属问题。当考虑到早期原始人中的身体宽度整体变化时，Gona 骨盆的中侧非常宽，它位于其他低纬度的早期和中期更新世标本的分布范围内，低于高纬度标本的分布范围。因此，在现生人类中存在的身体宽度的生态地理变化也存在于早期原始人中。与现代人相比，所有早期原始人的前后宽度增加与产道的椭圆形增加有关，这可能是由于旋转分娩机制常见于南方古猿和古人类，导致了这种增加。
