Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
J Hazard Mater. 2010 Apr 15;176(1-3):239-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.019. Epub 2009 Nov 10.
The purpose of this study was to assess the potential risk of children skin lesions from arsenic-contaminated rice (Oryza sativa) consumption in West Bengal (India). Published age- and gender-specific skin lesions data in West Bengal were reanalyzed and incorporated into a Weibull dose-response model to predict children skin lesion prevalence. Monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)) levels in urine was used as a biomarker that could be predicted from a human physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. This study integrated arsenic contents in irrigation water, bioaccumulation factors of paddy soil, cooking methods, and arsenic bioavailability of cooked rice in gastrointestinal tract into a probabilistic risk model. Results indicated that children aged between 13 and 18 years might pose a relative higher potential risk of skin lesions to arsenic-contaminated cooked rice (odds ratios (ORs)=1.18 (95% CI 1.12-2.15)) than those of 1-6 years children (ORs=0.98 (0.85-1.40)). This study revealed the need to consider the relationships between cooking method and arsenic in cooked rice when assessing the risk associated with children skin lesions from rice consumption. This study suggested that arsenic-associated skin lesions risk from arsenic-contaminated rice consumption would be reduced significantly by adopting traditional rice cooking method (wash until clean; rice:water=1:6; discard excess water) as followed in West Bengal (India) and using water containing lower arsenic (e.g., <10 microg L(-1)) for cooking.
本研究旨在评估食用受砷污染的大米（Oryza sativa）对孟加拉国（印度）儿童皮肤损伤的潜在风险。重新分析了孟加拉国已发表的按年龄和性别分类的皮肤损伤数据，并将其纳入威布尔剂量反应模型，以预测儿童皮肤损伤的流行率。尿中单甲基胂酸（MMA(III)）水平被用作生物标志物，可以通过人类生理基于药代动力学（PBPK）模型进行预测。本研究将灌溉水中的砷含量、稻田的生物累积因子、烹饪方法以及胃肠道中煮熟米饭的砷生物利用度纳入概率风险模型。结果表明，13 至 18 岁的儿童与 1 至 6 岁的儿童相比，食用受砷污染的熟米饭（比值比（ORs）=1.18（95%置信区间 1.12-2.15））可能面临更高的皮肤损伤潜在风险。本研究揭示了在评估与儿童食用米饭相关的皮肤损伤风险时，需要考虑烹饪方法和米饭中砷之间的关系。本研究表明，采用印度孟加拉国传统的煮饭方法（洗净至水清；米：水=1：6；倒掉多余的水），以及使用含砷量较低的水（如<10μg/L）煮饭，可显著降低食用受砷污染的米饭导致的与砷相关的皮肤损伤风险。
