Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljoevej, Building 113, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Waste Manag. 2010 May;30(5):744-54. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2009.10.021. Epub 2009 Nov 28.
Recycling of paper and glass from household waste is an integrated part of waste management in Denmark, however, increased recycling is a legislative target. The questions are: how much more can the recycling rate be increased through improvements of collection schemes when organisational and technical limitations are respected, and what will the environmental and economic consequences be? This was investigated in a case study of a municipal waste management system. Five scenarios with alternative collection systems for recyclables (paper, glass, metal and plastic packaging) were assessed by means of a life cycle assessment and an assessment of the municipality's costs. Kerbside collection would provide the highest recycling rate, 31% compared to 25% in the baseline scenario, but bring schemes with drop-off containers would also be a reasonable solution. Collection of recyclables at recycling centres was not recommendable because the recycling rate would decrease to 20%. In general, the results showed that enhancing recycling and avoiding incineration was recommendable because the environmental performance was improved in several impact categories. The municipal costs for collection and treatment of waste were reduced with increasing recycling, mainly because the high cost for incineration was avoided. However, solutions for mitigation of air pollution caused by increased collection and transport should be sought.
废纸和废玻璃的回收是丹麦垃圾管理的一个组成部分，然而，提高回收率是立法目标。问题是：在尊重组织和技术限制的前提下，通过改进收集计划，回收率还能提高多少，会带来什么环境和经济后果？这在一个城市废物管理系统的案例研究中进行了调查。通过生命周期评估和对市政府成本的评估，对 5 种不同的可回收物（纸、玻璃、金属和塑料包装）的替代收集系统方案进行了评估。路边收集将提供最高的回收率，为 31%，而基线方案为 25%，但使用投放容器的方案也是合理的解决方案。不建议在回收中心收集可回收物，因为回收率会下降到 20%。总的来说，研究结果表明，提高回收率和避免焚烧是可取的，因为在几个影响类别中，环境表现得到了改善。随着回收的增加，收集和处理废物的市政成本降低了，这主要是因为避免了焚烧的高成本。然而，应该寻求缓解因增加收集和运输而导致的空气污染的解决方案。
