School of Geography and Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
Sci Total Environ. 2010 Feb 1;408(5):1076-84. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.022. Epub 2009 Nov 28.
Characterization of spatial variation of urban soil geochemistry especially heavy metal pollution is essential for a better understanding of pollution sources and potential risks. A total of 294 surface soil samples were collected from a roadside sports ground in Galway, Ireland, and were analysed by ICP-OES for 23 chemical elements (Al, Ca, Ce, Co, Cu, Fe, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sc, Sr, Th, Ti, V, Y and Zn). Strong variations in soil geochemistry were observed and most elements, with the exception of Cu, Pb, P, S and Zn, showed multi-modal features, indicating the existence of mixed populations which proved difficult to separate. To evaluate the pollution level of the study area, the pollution index (PI) values were calculated based on a comparison with the Dutch target and intervention values. None of the concentrations of metal pollutants exceeded their intervention values, indicating the absence of serious contaminated soil, and the ratios to target values were therefore employed to produce the hazard maps. The spatial distribution and hazard maps for Cu, Pb and Zn indicated relatively high levels of pollution along the southern roadside extending almost 30m into the sports ground, revealing the strong influence of pollution from local traffic. However, heavy metal pollution was alleviated along the eastern roadside of the study area by the presence of a belt of shrubs. Therefore, in order to prevent further contamination from traffic emissions, the planting of hedging or erection of low walls should be considered as shields against traffic pollution for roadside parks. The results in this study are useful for management practices in sports and parks in urban areas.
城市土壤地球化学特征，特别是重金属污染的空间变化的描述，对于更好地了解污染源和潜在风险至关重要。总共从爱尔兰戈尔韦的一个路边运动场上采集了 294 个表层土壤样本，并通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）分析了 23 种化学元素（Al、Ca、Ce、Co、Cu、Fe、K、La、Li、Mg、Mn、Na、Ni、P、Pb、S、Sc、Sr、Th、Ti、V、Y 和 Zn）。土壤地球化学存在强烈的变化，除了 Cu、Pb、P、S 和 Zn 之外，大多数元素都表现出多峰特征，表明存在难以分离的混合种群。为了评估研究区域的污染水平，根据与荷兰目标值和干预值的比较计算了污染指数（PI）值。没有一种金属污染物的浓度超过其干预值，表明不存在严重污染的土壤，因此采用比值目标值来生成危害图。Cu、Pb 和 Zn 的空间分布和危害图表明，沿南部路边延伸近 30 米进入运动场的区域存在相对较高水平的污染，揭示了当地交通污染的强烈影响。然而，研究区域东侧路边的灌木带减轻了重金属污染。因此，为了防止交通排放进一步污染，应考虑种植树篱或建造矮墙作为路边公园的交通污染屏障。本研究的结果对城市地区运动场和公园的管理实践具有重要意义。
