Niigata Institute for Health and Sports Medicine, Niigata, Japan.
Allergol Int. 2010 Mar;59(1):53-7. doi: 10.2332/allergolint.09-OA-0098. Epub 2010 Nov 25.
The prevalence of bronchial asthma (BA) in youth is increasing in Japan, but very few athletes are reported to be affected with BA. The aim of this study is to analyze pulmonary function test (PFT) in athletes from the aspect of BA retrospectively.
Medical history questionnaires of 2111 athletes (male: 1549, female: 562) were reviewed. All athletes participated in the institute's athletic test for the first time, from April 2003 through March 2006. Athletes were categorized into three groups; current-BA confirmed and treated by the physician, possible-BA according to the allergic history and/or BA symptoms, and non-BA that is neither of the above two groups. The PFT data were then analyzed.
There were 24 current-BA (1.1%), 137 possible-BA (6.5%), and 183 cases with a past history of BA (PH; 8.7%). Percent of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (%FEV1) and of predicted peak expiratory flow rate (%PEF) in current-BA (86.2+/-17.7% and 81.6+/-19.1%, respectively) and possible-BA (84.7+/-14.6% and 81.2+/-17.3%, respectively) were significantly lower than those in non-BA (93.9+/-13.7% and 93.8+/-19.8%, respectively), without any significant difference between current-BA and possible-BA. Athletes with PH show impaired obstructive indices; even in non-BA with PH showed lower %FEV1 (91.3+/-13.9%, p<0.05) and %PEF (86.8+/-17.8%, p<0.001) than non-BA without PH (94.0+/-13.7% and 94.2+/-19.9%, respectively).
The incidence of BA in Japanese athletes may be higher than currently recognized. More intervention is encouraged for the diagnosis of BA, to avoid any fatal asthma during sports by initiating preventive therapy.
日本青少年支气管哮喘（BA）的患病率正在上升，但报道的受影响运动员却很少。本研究旨在从 BA 的角度回顾性分析运动员的肺功能测试（PFT）。
回顾了 2111 名运动员（男 1549 名，女 562 名）的病史问卷。所有运动员均于 2003 年 4 月至 2006 年 3 月首次参加研究所的运动测试。运动员分为三组：目前经医生确诊和治疗的 BA、根据过敏史和/或 BA 症状确定的可能 BA、以及既不属于上述两组的既往 BA 史（PH）。然后分析 PFT 数据。
目前有 24 例 BA（1.1%）、137 例可能 BA（6.5%）和 183 例有 BA 既往史（PH；8.7%）。目前 BA（86.2+/-17.7%和 81.6+/-19.1%）和可能 BA（84.7+/-14.6%和 81.2+/-17.3%）的预计 1 秒用力呼气量百分比（%FEV1）和预计呼气峰流量百分比（%PEF）明显低于非 BA（93.9+/-13.7%和 93.8+/-19.8%），而目前 BA 和可能 BA 之间没有差异。PH 运动员的阻塞指数受损；即使在非 PH 中有 PH 的运动员也表现出较低的 %FEV1（91.3+/-13.9%，p<0.05）和 %PEF（86.8+/-17.8%，p<0.001）低于非 PH 无 PH（94.0+/-13.7%和 94.2+/-19.9%）。
日本运动员的 BA 发病率可能高于目前的认识。应鼓励更多的干预措施来诊断 BA，通过启动预防性治疗，避免运动时发生致命性哮喘。
