Moslem M A, El-Kholie E M
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Pak J Biol Sci. 2009 Jul 15;12(14):1045-8. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2009.1045.1048.
In this study plant pathogenic fungi Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were chosen to study the effect of ethanolic, hexane and methanolic extracts of neem seeds and leaves. Antifungal effects of neem leave and seed extracts obtained by ethanol, hexane and ptrolium ether were examined separately in vitro against Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Results indicated that seeds and leaves extracts could cause growth inhibition of tested fungi, although the rate of inhibition of tested fungi varied with different extracts and concentrations. But all these extracts and concentrations of extract inhibited the growth of pathogenic fungi at a significant level. Azadirachtin, nimonol and expoxyazdirodione were detected from neem extract by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). We can conclude that neem leave and seed extracts were effective as antifungal against all tested fungi but F. oxysporum and R. solani were the most sensitive fungi.
在本研究中，选择了植物病原真菌茄链格孢、尖孢镰刀菌、立枯丝核菌和核盘菌，以研究印楝种子和叶片的乙醇提取物、己烷提取物和甲醇提取物的效果。分别在体外检测了乙醇、己烷和石油醚提取的印楝叶和种子提取物对尖孢镰刀菌、立枯丝核菌、茄链格孢和核盘菌的抗真菌作用。结果表明，种子和叶片提取物可导致受试真菌生长受到抑制，尽管受试真菌的抑制率因提取物和浓度不同而有所差异。但所有这些提取物及其浓度均能在显著水平上抑制病原真菌的生长。通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）从印楝提取物中检测到了印楝素、印楝醇和环氧印楝二酮。我们可以得出结论，印楝叶和种子提取物对所有受试真菌均有抗真菌作用，但尖孢镰刀菌和立枯丝核菌是最敏感的真菌。
