Kuhn R C
AACN Clin Issues Crit Care Nurs. 1991 Feb;2(1):23-30. doi: 10.4037/15597768-1991-1004.
The forces influencing the development of outcome standards are gaining momentum. These forces are professional nursing issues, accreditation standards, and reimbursement issues. Traditionally, structure and process measures provided the means for evaluating the quality of nursing care. But nurses also play an important role in achieving positive patient outcomes. Outcome standards provide a mechanism for measuring patient outcomes. In 1990 the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) published Outcome Standards for Nursing Care of the Critically Ill. The book serves as a model for developing and using outcome standards in critical care units. This chapter describes these outcome standards and recommends ways to use them. The Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations' (JCAHO) ten-step model outlines development of unit-specific outcome standards. Methods focus throughout on a quality assurance framework.
影响结果标准制定的各种力量正在不断增强。这些力量包括专业护理问题、认证标准和报销问题。传统上，结构和过程指标提供了评估护理质量的方法。但护士在实现积极的患者结果方面也发挥着重要作用。结果标准提供了一种衡量患者结果的机制。1990年，美国危重症护理护士协会（AACN）出版了《危重症患者护理结果标准》。这本书为重症监护病房制定和使用结果标准提供了一个范例。本章描述了这些结果标准，并推荐了使用它们的方法。医疗组织认证联合委员会（JCAHO）的十步模型概述了特定科室结果标准的制定。全文方法均聚焦于质量保证框架。
