Palmer Matthew A, Brewer Neil, McKinnon Anna C, Weber Nathan
School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2010 Feb;133(2):137-45. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2009.11.002. Epub 2009 Dec 1.
This study investigated whether measuring the phenomenology of eyewitness identification decisions aids evaluation of their accuracy. Witnesses (N=502) viewed a simulated crime and attempted to identify two targets from lineups. A divided attention manipulation during encoding reduced the rate of remember (R) correct identifications, but not the rates of R foil identifications or know (K) judgments in the absence of recollection (i.e., K/[1-R]). Both RK judgments and recollection ratings (a novel measure of graded recollection) distinguished correct from incorrect positive identifications. However, only recollection ratings improved accuracy evaluation after identification confidence was taken into account. These results provide evidence that RK judgments for identification decisions function in a similar way as for recognition decisions; are consistent with the notion of graded recollection; and indicate that measures of phenomenology can enhance the evaluation of identification accuracy.
本研究调查了测量目击证人辨认决策的现象学是否有助于评估其准确性。证人（N = 502）观看了一段模拟犯罪视频，并试图从列队辨认中找出两名目标人物。编码过程中的分心操作降低了“记得”（R）正确辨认的比率，但未降低“记得”错误辨认的比率，也未降低在没有回忆情况下的“知道”（K）判断比率（即K/[1 - R]）。“记得-知道”（RK）判断和回忆评级（一种分级回忆的新测量方法）都能区分正确与错误的肯定辨认。然而，在考虑辨认信心后，只有回忆评级提高了准确性评估。这些结果提供了证据，表明用于辨认决策的RK判断与用于识别决策的功能类似；与分级回忆的概念一致；并表明现象学测量可以提高对辨认准确性的评估。
