Linville P W, Fischer G W
Center for Decision Studies, Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1991 Jan;60(1):5-23. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.60.1.5.
This research investigates people's preferences for temporally separating or combining emotionally impactful events. For instance, do people prefer to experience 2 negative events (e.g., manuscript rejections) on the same day or on different days? Do people prefer to experience 2 positive events (e.g., manuscript acceptances) on the same or different days? This article proposes a renewable resources model that combines elements of decision-making models (prospect theory) with the notion that people possess limited but renewable physiological, cognitive, and social resources for dealing with emotionally impactful events. As predicted, Ss preferred to separate 2 positive events (the gain-savoring hypothesis), to separate 2 negative events (the multiple-loss-avoidance hypothesis), and to combine a positive and a negative event (the loss-buffering hypothesis). Ss displayed identical preferences for events from the academic, financial, and social domains.
本研究调查了人们对于在时间上分离或合并具有情感影响力事件的偏好。例如,人们是更喜欢在同一天还是不同的日子经历两件负面事件(如稿件被拒)?人们是更喜欢在同一天还是不同的日子经历两件正面事件(如稿件被接受)?本文提出了一种可再生资源模型,该模型将决策模型(前景理论)的要素与人们拥有有限但可再生的生理、认知和社会资源来应对具有情感影响力事件的观念相结合。正如所预测的那样,研究对象更喜欢分离两件正面事件(收益品味假设),分离两件负面事件(多重损失避免假设),以及合并一件正面事件和一件负面事件(损失缓冲假设)。研究对象对来自学术、金融和社会领域的事件表现出相同的偏好。