Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
J Pharm Pharmacol. 2009 Dec;61(12):1587-99. doi: 10.1211/jpp/61.12.0002.
This review focuses on the key findings and developments in the rapidly expanding research area of pharmaceutical aerosol electrostatics.
Data from limited in-vivo and computational studies suggest that charges may potentially affect particle deposition in the airways. Charging occurs naturally in the absence of electric fields through triboelectrification, that is contact or friction for solids and flowing or spraying for liquids. Thus, particles and droplets emitted from pulmonary drug delivery devices (dry powder inhalers, metered dose inhalers with or without spacers, and nebulisers) are inherently charged. Apparatus with various operation principles have been employed in the measurement of pharmaceutical charges. Aerosol charges are dependent on many physicochemical parameters, such as formulation composition, device construction, relative humidity and solid-state properties. In some devices, electrification has been purposefully applied to facilitate powder dispersion and liquid atomisation.
Currently, there are no regulatory requirements on characterising electrostatic properties of inhalation aerosols. As research in this area progresses, the new knowledge gained may become valuable for the development and regulation of inhalation aerosol products.
本综述重点介绍了药物气溶胶静电领域快速发展的研究中关键的发现和进展。
来自有限的体内和计算研究的数据表明，电荷可能会影响气道中的颗粒沉积。在没有电场的情况下，通过摩擦起电（即固体的接触或摩擦和液体的流动或喷雾）会自然产生电荷。因此，从肺部给药装置（干粉吸入器、带或不带吸入器的计量吸入器以及喷雾器）中喷出的颗粒和液滴本身就带有电荷。各种工作原理的设备都已被用于测量药物的电荷。气溶胶的电荷取决于许多物理化学参数，如制剂组成、装置结构、相对湿度和固态性质。在某些装置中，为了促进粉末分散和液体雾化，已有意地施加了电。
目前，对吸入性气溶胶的静电特性进行特征描述还没有监管要求。随着该领域研究的进展，获得的新知识可能对吸入性气溶胶产品的开发和监管具有重要价值。
