Department of Human Physiology and Chair of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
J Biomech. 2010 Mar 22;43(5):938-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.10.049. Epub 2009 Dec 2.
Three-dimensional (3D) path of the body centre of mass (CM) over an entire stride was computed from ground reaction forces during walking at constant average speed on a treadmill mounted on 3D force sensors. Data were obtained from 18 healthy adults at speeds ranging from 0.30 to 1.40 ms(-1), in 0.1 ms(-1) increments. Six subsequent strides were analyzed for each subject and speed (total strides=1296). The test session lasted about 30 min (10 min for walking). The CM path had an upward concave figure-of-eight shape that was highly consistent within and across subjects. Vertical displacement of the CM increased monotonically as a function of walking speed. The forward and particularly lateral displacements of the CM showed a U-shaped relationship to speed. The same held for the total 3D displacement (25.6-16.0 cm, depending on the speed). The results provide normative benchmarks and suggest hypotheses for further physiologic and clinical research. The familiar inverted pendulum model might be expanded to gyroscopic, "spin-and-turn" models. Abnormalities of the 3D path might flag motor impairments and recovery.
在跑步机上使用三维力传感器测量行走时恒定平均速度下的地面反作用力，计算整个步幅中身体质心（CM）的三维路径。数据取自 18 位健康成年人，速度范围为 0.30 至 1.40 ms(-1)，每 0.1 ms(-1)递增。每个受试者和速度（总步数=1296）分析了六个后续的步伐。测试过程大约持续 30 分钟（行走 10 分钟）。CM 路径呈向上凹的 8 字形，在个体内和个体间高度一致。CM 的垂直位移随行走速度单调增加。CM 的前进和特别是侧向位移与速度呈 U 形关系。CM 的总三维位移（25.6-16.0 cm，取决于速度）也是如此。研究结果提供了规范的基准，并为进一步的生理和临床研究提出了假设。熟悉的倒立摆模型可能会扩展为陀螺式“旋转和转弯”模型。三维路径的异常可能标志着运动障碍和恢复。
