语言障碍儿童的差异假说：它有效吗？
The discrepancy hypothesis in children with language disorders: does it work?
作者信息
Keegstra Anne L, Post Wendy J, Goorhuis-Brouwer Siena M
机构信息
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2010 Feb;74(2):183-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.11.005. Epub 2009 Dec 2.
OBJECTIVES
Analysis of the relationship between verbal and nonverbal development in children with language problems.
METHODS
From 134 children enrolled in a multidisciplinary diagnostic procedure in a speech and hearing clinic and diagnosed as having a language disorder, the language comprehension score (LCQ) and the nonverbal IQ score (SON-IQ) were compared. t-Tests were used to test whether the children's mean LCQ differs from their mean SON-IQ and to test whether the children with an inadequate LCQ differ from children with an adequate LCQ with respect to discrepancy. Plots inspired by Bland and Altman [18] display the measurement of mean value of verbal and nonverbal development against the discrepancy between these scores.
RESULTS
All children had a language production problem (inadequate GDS). Out of the 57 children with an adequate language comprehension (LCQ>80), 16 children (28%) show a discrepancy of 10 quotient points or more between their LCQ and SON-IQ. Out of the 77 children with an inadequate language comprehension (LCQ<or=80), 45 children (58%) show a discrepancy of 10 quotient points or more between their LCQ and their SON-IQ. There is a significant difference between the children with an adequate LCQ and an inadequate LCQ with respect to discrepancy with their SON-IQ (p=0.013). Only in the group of children with an LCQ<or=80 the discrepancy is significant (p=0.000). For the group of children with an LCQ>80 the discrepancy is not significant (p=0.084).
CONCLUSIONS
The discrepancy hypothesis, in our opinion, must be modified. There is not only verbal and nonverbal functioning but there is language production, language comprehension and nonverbal learning abilities. Between these three aspects discrepancies can be found. In 43% of the children there is a discrepancy between language production and language comprehension. When children also show language comprehension problems, 58% of these children show a discrepancy with nonverbal functioning.
目的
分析有语言问题儿童的语言与非语言发育之间的关系。
方法
在一家言语和听力诊所参与多学科诊断程序并被诊断为患有语言障碍的134名儿童中，比较其语言理解分数（LCQ）和非语言智商分数（SON-IQ）。采用t检验来检测儿童的平均LCQ是否与其平均SON-IQ不同，以及LCQ不足的儿童与LCQ充足的儿童在差异方面是否不同。受Bland和Altman [18]启发绘制的图表展示了语言和非语言发育平均值的测量结果与这些分数之间的差异。
结果
所有儿童都存在语言表达问题（GDS不足）。在57名语言理解充足（LCQ>80）的儿童中，有16名儿童（28%）的LCQ与SON-IQ之间的差异为10个商数点或更多。在77名语言理解不足（LCQ≤80）的儿童中，有45名儿童（58%）的LCQ与SON-IQ之间的差异为10个商数点或更多。LCQ充足的儿童与LCQ不足的儿童在与SON-IQ的差异方面存在显著差异（p=0.013）。仅在LCQ≤80的儿童组中差异显著（p=0.000）。对于LCQ>80的儿童组，差异不显著（p=0.084）。
结论
我们认为，差异假说必须修正。不仅存在语言和非语言功能，还存在语言表达、语言理解和非语言学习能力。在这三个方面之间可以发现差异。43%的儿童在语言表达和语言理解之间存在差异。当儿童还存在语言理解问题时，其中58%的儿童在与非语言功能方面存在差异。
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