Bentdal Yngvild E, Håberg Siri E, Karevold Gunnhild, Stigum Hein, Kvaerner Kari J, Nafstad Per
Faculty Division of Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2010 Feb;74(2):168-72. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.11.001. Epub 2009 Dec 2.
To assess whether preterm birth and low birth weight were associated with single and recurrent episodes of acute otitis media (AOM) the first 18 months of life.
The study population consisted of 33,192 children in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort, conducted at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. The majority of all pregnant women in Norway were invited to participate and the response rate was 44%. Participating women received questionnaires during pregnancy and when the child was 6 and 18 months. Main outcome measures were maternal reports of AOM at ages 6, 11 and 18 months. Information on birth weight and gestational age was obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Regression analyses were performed controlling for a variety of potential confounders.
Preterm birth was slightly associated with both single and recurrent episodes of AOM the first 18 months of age. The adjusted relative risk (aRR) for having any episode of AOM was 1.37, 95%CI (1.12-1.68) if born before week 33, and the aRR for having recurrent AOM was 1.34, 95%CI (1.01-1.77) if born in weeks 33-36 (reference group: >or=37 weeks). A corresponding tendency was not found for low birth weight.
The finding indicates a modest increased risk of having AOM in children born preterm, and preterm birth seems to be more important than low birth weight in determining risk of having AOM in early life.
评估早产和低出生体重是否与出生后头18个月内急性中耳炎（AOM）的单次发作及反复发 作有关。
研究人群包括挪威公共卫生研究所开展的挪威母婴队列中的33192名儿童。挪威大多数孕妇被邀请参与，应答率为44%。参与的女性在孕期以及孩子6个月和18个月时收到问卷。主要结局指标是母亲报告孩子在6个月、11个月和18个月时患AOM的情况。出生体重和胎龄信息来自挪威医疗出生登记处。进行回归分析时控制了各种潜在混杂因素。
早产与出生后头18个月内AOM的单次发作及反复发作均有轻微关联。孕周小于33周出生的儿童发生任何一次AOM的校正相对风险（aRR）为1.37，95%可信区间（CI）为（1.12 - 1.68）；孕周在33 - 36周出生的儿童反复发生AOM的aRR为1.34，95%CI为（1.01 - 1.77）（参照组：≥37周）。未发现低出生体重有相应的趋势。
该研究结果表明，早产儿童患AOM的风险略有增加，并且在决定儿童早期患AOM的风险方面，早产似乎比低出生体重更重要。
