Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010 Mar;39(3):197-207. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2009.10.022. Epub 2009 Dec 2.
Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a bacterial toxin that could be used as a medicine. Clinical applications of BTX have been expanding over the last 30 years and novel applications reported. Its mechanism of inhibiting acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions following local injection is unique for the treatment of facial wrinkles. Other dose-dependent anti-neuroinflammatory effects and vascular modulating properties have extended its spectrum of applications. Conditions such as temporomandibular joint disorders, sialorrhea, headache and neuropathic facial pain, muscle movement disorders, and facial nerve palsy could also be treated with this drug. Further applications of BTX are likely to be developed. This paper reviews the established and emerging applications of BTX in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. An overview of the pharmacology, toxicity and preparations of the agent is given.
肉毒毒素（BTX）是一种细菌毒素，可用作药物。BTX 的临床应用在过去 30 年中不断扩展，并不断有新的应用报道。其通过局部注射抑制运动神经末梢乙酰胆碱释放的作用机制是治疗面部皱纹的独特方法。其他剂量依赖性的抗炎神经作用和血管调节特性扩展了其应用范围。BTX 还可用于治疗颞下颌关节紊乱、流涎、头痛和神经病理性面部疼痛、肌肉运动障碍和面神经瘫痪等疾病。BTX 可能会有更多的应用。本文综述了 BTX 在口腔颌面外科领域的既定和新兴应用。本文概述了该药物的药理学、毒性和制剂。
