Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009 Dec;18(12):3321-33. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0925.
Cigarettes are being marketed with filters that differ in composition and design. The filters have different toxicant trapping efficiencies, and smoking stains reflect variations in smoking behavior. Presented herein are the results of a structured literature review that was done to identify cigarette filter-based assays that may serve as proxies for mouth-level exposure and assessing smoking methods.
A search of the published scientific literature and internal tobacco company documents from 1954 to 2009 was carried out.
The literature search identified diverse schemes for assessing cigarette filters, including visual inspection and digital imaging of smoked-stained spent filters, and quantitative determinations for total particulate matter (TPM), nicotine, and solanesol. The results also showed that: (a) there are sufficient data to link filter-based chemical measures to standardized smoking machine-measured yields of tar and nicotine; (b) TPM eluted from filters or in chemical digest of filters can be used to estimate the efficiency of the filter for trapping smoke solids; (c) visual and digital inspection of spent filters is useful in finding indicators of variations in smoking behaviors; and (d) there is a correlation between solanesol and nicotine measured in filters and exposure biomarkers in smokers.
The cigarette filter may prove useful in estimating smoking behaviors such as filter vent blocking and puffing intensity, and may have utility as proxy measures of mouth-level smoke exposure in clinical trials. Additional investigations are needed to compare the different proposed assay schemes and the assay results with measurements of human biomarker assays of smoke exposure.
香烟的过滤嘴在组成和设计上存在差异。这些过滤嘴对有毒物质的捕获效率不同，而吸烟痕迹则反映了吸烟行为的变化。本文呈现了一项结构文献综述的结果，该综述旨在确定可能作为口腔暴露水平的替代指标并评估吸烟方法的基于香烟过滤嘴的检测方法。
对 1954 年至 2009 年出版的科学文献和内部烟草公司文件进行了搜索。
文献检索确定了评估香烟过滤嘴的多种方案，包括对吸烟痕迹的已使用过滤嘴进行视觉检查和数字成像，以及对总颗粒物 (TPM)、尼古丁和茄尼醇进行定量测定。结果还表明：(a) 有足够的数据将基于过滤嘴的化学测量与标准化吸烟机测量的焦油和尼古丁产量联系起来；(b) 从过滤嘴中洗脱或在过滤嘴的化学消化物中可用于估计过滤嘴捕获烟雾固体的效率；(c) 对已使用过滤嘴的视觉和数字检查有助于发现吸烟行为变化的指标；(d) 过滤嘴中测量的茄尼醇和尼古丁与吸烟者暴露生物标志物之间存在相关性。
香烟过滤嘴可能有助于估计吸烟行为，例如过滤嘴通风孔堵塞和吸烟强度，并且可能作为临床试验中口腔暴露水平的替代测量指标具有一定的实用性。需要进一步研究比较不同提议的检测方案以及与人类暴露于烟雾的生物标志物测量结果的检测结果。
