Tickner Sarah, Leman P J, Woodcock A
Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK.
Child Care Health Dev. 2010 Mar;36(2):190-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.01020.x. Epub 2009 Nov 30.
National Health Service immunization statistics for England indicate that uptake of the first plus second dose of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine, and pre-school booster against diphtheria, tetanus, polio and pertussis, is lower than for the primary course alone. This qualitative study aimed to explore parents' views about pre-school immunization and to identify possible reasons for lower pre-school uptake compared with the primary course.
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 parents of children aged 2-5 years from 19 family units. The parents were recruited from nine playgroups and pre-schools in three locations in southern England. Data collection and analysis were guided by a modified Grounded Theory approach.
Although most parents believed pre-school immunization to be important and most intended to immunise, a minority questioned whether it was necessary based on their understanding of the duration of protection provided by the primary course. Compared with primary immunization, parents typically received no information about pre-school doses prior to their invitation to attend and had little or no contact with healthcare professionals. Other barriers included minor illness, apprehension about taking an older child for vaccinations and work or childcare commitments.
Parents reported uncertainties, anxieties and time constraints, all of which may contribute to poor attendance for pre-school immunization. These findings have important implications for providing parents with timely information about boosters and the two-dose MMR programme. They indicate the potential value of playgroup or pre-school involvement and the need for improved communication with children about immunization.
英国国家医疗服务体系的免疫接种统计数据表明，麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹（MMR）疫苗第一剂加第二剂以及针对白喉、破伤风、脊髓灰质炎和百日咳的学龄前加强疫苗的接种率低于仅接种基础疫苗的情况。这项定性研究旨在探讨家长对学龄前免疫接种的看法，并找出与基础疫苗接种相比学龄前接种率较低的可能原因。
对来自19个家庭单位的21名2至5岁儿童的家长进行了半结构化访谈。这些家长是从英格兰南部三个地点的九个游戏小组和学前班招募的。数据收集和分析采用了改良的扎根理论方法。
尽管大多数家长认为学龄前免疫接种很重要，并且大多数人打算让孩子接种，但少数家长根据他们对基础疫苗所提供保护持续时间的理解，质疑是否有必要接种。与基础免疫相比，家长在收到接种邀请之前通常没有收到关于学龄前疫苗剂量的信息，并且与医疗保健专业人员几乎没有或没有接触。其他障碍包括小病、担心带年龄较大的孩子去接种疫苗以及工作或育儿责任。
家长们表示存在不确定性、焦虑和时间限制，所有这些都可能导致学龄前免疫接种的参与率较低。这些发现对于向家长及时提供关于加强疫苗和两剂MMR疫苗计划的信息具有重要意义。它们表明游戏小组或学前班参与的潜在价值以及改善与儿童关于免疫接种沟通的必要性。
