Global Pediatrics Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, 850 Mayo, MMC-296, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Dec;15(12):1917-24. doi: 10.3201/eid1512.090627.
Highland areas where malaria transmission is unstable are targets for malaria elimination because transmission decreases to low levels during the dry season. In highland areas of Kipsamoite and Kapsisiywa, Kenya (population approximately 7,400 persons), annual household indoor residual spraying with a synthetic pyrethroid was performed starting in 2005, and artemether/lumefantrine was implemented as first-line malaria treatment in October 2006. During April 2007-March 2008, no microscopy-confirmed cases of malaria occurred at the sites. In 4 assessments of asymptomatic persons during May 2007-April 2008, a total of <0.3% of persons were positive for asexual Plasmodium falciparum by microscopy or PCR at any time, and none were positive by PCR at the last 2 sample collections. Our findings show that in such areas, interruption and eventual elimination of malaria transmission may be achievable with widespread annual indoor residual spraying of households and artemisinin combination therapy.
高海拔地区疟疾传播不稳定，是消除疟疾的目标地区，因为在旱季传播会降至低水平。在肯尼亚基帕萨米特（Kipsamoite）和卡普西瓦瓦（Kapsisiywa）的高海拔地区（人口约 7400 人），从 2005 年开始每年对家庭室内进行合成拟除虫菊酯喷洒，2006 年 10 月实施青蒿琥酯/甲氟喹作为一线疟疾治疗药物。在 2007 年 4 月至 2008 年 3 月期间，这些地点没有经显微镜确认的疟疾病例。在 2007 年 5 月至 2008 年 4 月期间对 4 次无症状人群评估中，任何时候通过显微镜或 PCR 检测，有<0.3%的人呈无性疟原虫阳性，并且在最后 2 次采样中没有 PCR 阳性。我们的研究结果表明，在这些地区，通过广泛的家庭室内每年喷洒和使用青蒿素联合疗法，可能会中断并最终消除疟疾传播。
