Renal Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Dubai Center Institute of Postgraduate Education and Research, Dubai, UAE.
Am J Kidney Dis. 2010 Mar;55(3):590-8. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.06.044. Epub 2009 Dec 5.
Hypertension is a major public health problem and a leading cause of death and disability in developing countries. One-quarter of the world's adult population has hypertension, and this is likely to increase to 29% by 2025. Modeled projections indicate an increase to 1.15 billion hypertensive patients by 2025 in developing countries. There is variability in the global prevalence of hypertension: hypertension is present in approximately 35% of the Latin American population, 20%-30% of the Chinese and Indian population, and approximately 14% in Sub-Saharan African countries. This heterogeneity has been attributed to several factors, including urbanization with its associated changes in lifestyle, racial ethnic differences, nutritional status, and birth weight. Compounding this high burden of hypertension is a lack of awareness and insufficient treatment in those with hypertension. The public health response to this challenge should drive greater promotion of awareness efforts, studies of risk factors for hypertension, and understanding of the impact of lifestyle changes. Also important are efforts to develop multipronged strategies for hypertension management in developing nations.
高血压是一个主要的公共卫生问题，也是发展中国家死亡和残疾的主要原因之一。全世界有四分之一的成年人患有高血压，到 2025 年，这一比例可能上升到 29%。预测模型显示，到 2025 年，发展中国家的高血压患者将增加到 11.5 亿。全球高血压的患病率存在差异：拉丁美洲约有 35%的人口患有高血压，中国和印度约有 20%-30%的人口患有高血压，撒哈拉以南非洲国家约有 14%的人口患有高血压。这种异质性归因于多种因素，包括城市化及其带来的生活方式改变、种族差异、营养状况和出生体重。高血压的高负担还与高血压患者的意识不足和治疗不足有关。公共卫生部门应对这一挑战，应加大宣传力度，开展高血压危险因素研究，了解生活方式改变的影响。此外，发展中国家还应努力制定多方面的高血压管理策略。
