Van Heertum R L, O'Connell R A
Department of Radiology, St. Vincent's Hospital & Medical Center, New York, NY 10011.
Semin Nucl Med. 1991 Jan;21(1):24-39. doi: 10.1016/s0001-2998(05)80077-7.
In the past century, the field of psychiatry has undergone major changes. During this time, significant advancements in both diagnosis and treatment have occurred. Medical brain imaging using structural and functional brain imaging techniques have contributed, in part, to a better basic understanding of psychiatric disease and to an improving diagnostic approach. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have supplied limited, but useful insight regarding structural alterations in schizophrenia and the affective disorders. Position emission tomography imaging has already made a major contribution in the assessment of schizophrenia and affective disorders. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), which is currently more widely available, should contribute more to psychiatric disease evaluation in the future. Recent advances in SPECT technology in the areas of improved instrumentation--such as multidetector and ring detector systems and new radiopharmaceuticals including new rCBF markers and receptor site imaging agents--have contributed to significant improvements in the SPECT imaging technique. At the present time, SPECT has been shown to be feasible and useful in the evaluation of acute and chronic psychiatric and demented states. As SPECT technology continues to evolve, further refinements in this diagnostic capability can be anticipated.
在过去的一个世纪里，精神病学领域发生了重大变革。在此期间，诊断和治疗方面都取得了显著进展。使用结构和功能脑成像技术的医学脑成像在一定程度上有助于更好地从基础层面理解精神疾病，并改进诊断方法。计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像提供了关于精神分裂症和情感障碍结构改变的有限但有用的见解。正电子发射断层扫描成像已经在精神分裂症和情感障碍的评估中做出了重大贡献。单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）目前应用更为广泛，未来应该会对精神疾病评估做出更大贡献。SPECT技术在改进仪器设备（如多探测器和环形探测器系统）以及新型放射性药物（包括新的脑血流量标记物和受体位点成像剂）等方面的最新进展，推动了SPECT成像技术的显著改进。目前，SPECT已被证明在评估急性和慢性精神疾病及痴呆状态方面是可行且有用的。随着SPECT技术不断发展，可以预期其诊断能力将得到进一步提升。
